Molecular detection and prevalence of Rotavirus with acute gastroenteritis among the children of rural and urban areas.

S Ali,M Rauf,S Khan,R Ullah,A Bari,F U Dawar,A Majid,M F Khan,N Ul Akbar,M Y Khan,S N Khan

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.244365

Abstract

Rotavirus is the main infective agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children under the age of five years and causing significant morbidity as well as mortality throughout the world. The study was carried out to detect the prevalence rate, genotypes strain and risk factors of Rotavirus among the children of rural and urban areas of district Bannu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 180 stool samples were collected from children under the age of 5 years from two major hospitals of Bannu from January to December (2015). The samples were analyzed by Reverse-transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of Rotavirus, positive samples were further processed for genotyping (G and P type) through specific PCR. Of the total, 41 (23%) samples were positive for Rotavirus. The most prevalent G genotypes found were: G3, G8, G9 (each 29%), followed by G10 (15%), and G11 (10%). Whereas the prevalent P genotypes were: P-8 (25%), P-4 and P-10 (each 20%), P-9 (15%), followed by P-6 and P-11 (each 10%). Moreover, Rotavirus infection was more prevalent in summer (23.73%) and winter (22.7%) than spring (20%) and autumn (21.4%). Rotavirus infection exhibited high frequency in June (14%), October (8%) and November (6%). It is concluded that Rotavirus is more prevalent in children and various genotypes (G and P) of Rotavirus are present in the study area. Lack of studies, awareness and rarer testing of Rotavirus are the principal reasons of virus prevalence in district Bannu, Pakistan.

Highlights

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a community health problem that causes morbidity and mortality in children throughout the world, and mostly in developing countries
The study population was divided into three age groups (Months wise), to observe the association of child age and gender with the prevalence of Rotavirus infection
Rotavirus infection was found throughout the year and this study showed a substantial increase in the prevalence of Rotavirus in the summer and winter seasons

Summary

Introduction

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a community health problem that causes morbidity and mortality in children throughout the world, and mostly in developing countries. Rotavirus is one of the most important causes of AGE and in several countries, the infection burden and epidemiology are unknown (Al-Badani et al, 2014). Almost 215,000 children die due to Rotavirus infection, of which up to 90% of deaths occur in low-income countries (Tate et al, 2016). In the most current analysis, Rotavirus was responsible for approximately 128,500 deaths among children less than 5 years throughout the world (Martinez-Gutierrez et al, 2019). Rotavirus is an dsRNA virus of the family Reoviridae, classified into seven groups (A-G) based on its genetic and antigenic characteristics. The most significant Rotavirus types that commonly causes AGE are G2P-4, G4P-8, G1P-8, G3P-8, and G9P-8 (Matthijnssens et al, 2008)

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