Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplama synoviae, and infectious bronchitis virus in poultry in Myanmar

Sotaro Fujisawa,Shiro Murata,Masaki Takehara,Myint Myint Hmoon,Ken Katakura,Kazuhiko Ohashi,Shwe Yee Win

doi:10.1186/s12917-019-2018-2

Sotaro Fujisawa, Shiro Murata + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2018-2

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Abstract

BackgroundIn Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. In order to manage and maintain stable productivity, it is important to establish policies for biosecurity. Infectious respiratory diseases are a major threat to poultry farming. Avian influenza and Newcastle disease have been reported in Myanmar, but no scientific information is available for other respiratory pathogens, such as mycoplasmas and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Identifying the genotypes and serotypes of IBVs is especially important to inform vaccination programs. In this study, we detected Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), M. synoviae (MS), and IBV in several poultry farms in Myanmar.ResultsSamples were collected from 20 farms in three major poultry farming areas in Myanmar, and MG, MS, and IBV were detected on two, four, and eight farms, respectively, by polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the observed MG and MS isolates were not identical to vaccine strains. Three different genotypes of IBV were detected, but none was an unknown variant.ConclusionsMycoplasmas and IBV were detected on poultry farms in Myanmar. Periodic surveillance is required to establish the distribution of each pathogen, and to institute better vaccine protocols.

Highlights

In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry
Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), M. synoviae (MS), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in poultry farms in Myanmar MG, MS and IBV were detected on two, four, and eight farms, respectively (Table 1). Both MG and IBV were detected on farm Ma-4, and both MG and MS were detected on farm Ya-1
IBV was widely detected on the farms in Mandalay and Pyin Oo Lwin, whereas it was not detected in the Yangon area (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Avian influenza and Newcastle disease have been reported in Myanmar, but no scientific information is available for other respiratory pathogens, such as mycoplasmas and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). In order to provide a stable supply of poultry products, the development of farm biosecurity measures is required, and it is important that farmers and veterinarians are Fujisawa et al BMC Veterinary Research (2019) 15:261 and/or serotypes of each pathogen circulating in Myanmar to inform vaccination programs. The co-infection by MG or MS with respiratory virus infections, such as IBV and Newcastle disease, can exacerbate the disease conditions [5] Both MG and MS infections cause considerable economic losses in the poultry industry by reducing weight gains and meat quality in broilers, causing severe drops in egg production in layers, and increasing embryo mortality in breeders [7]

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