Abstract
BackgroundAvian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Although it is known that infectious respiratory pathogens, including infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), are a major threat to poultry farms, there are no data currently available on the epidemiology of ILTV in Myanmar. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a molecular detection of ILTV in 20 poultry farms in Myanmar.ResultsOf the 57 tested oropharyngeal swabs, 10 were positive for ILTV by polymerase chain reaction of a 647 bp region of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene, giving a prevalence of ILTV of 17.5% (10/57). Further sequencing analysis of infected cell protein 4 (ICP4) gene and glycoprotein B, G, and J (gB, gG, and gJ) genes indicated that these isolates were field strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Myanmar strains clustered together in a single branch and were closely related to other reference strains isolated from Asian countries.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the presence of ILTV in poultry farms in Myanmar. The genetic characterization analysis performed provides the fundamental data for epidemiological studies that monitor circulating strains of ILTV in Myanmar.
Highlights
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide
Molecular detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in poultry farms of Myanmar Chicken swab samples (n = 171) were collected from 20 poultry farms in Myanmar; three samples were pooled and a total of 57 pools were subjected to the DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the thymidine kinase (TK) gene
Characterization of the infected cell protein 4 (ICP4), gB, gG, and gJ genes To genetically characterize the ILTV isolates, the ICP4, gB, gG, and gJ genes were partially amplified in the 10 field samples that were positive for the TK gene
Summary
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. It is known that infectious respiratory pathogens, including infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), are a major threat to poultry farms, there are no data currently available on the epidemiology of ILTV in Myanmar. Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease that affects adult chickens, which is characterized by inflammation and hemorrhage of the larynx and trachea [1]. Acute ILTV infection can cause high morbidity and mortality in chickens while chronic infection is characterized by decreased growth rates and reduced egg production [3], causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In Southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, poultry farming is a major industry. Along with the increasing demand for sustainable, locally produced, and safe poultry products for Myanmar consumers, the prevention and control of infectious diseases in poultry has become increasingly important
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