Abstract
The design and discovery of novel drug candidates are the initial and most probably the crucial steps in the drug development process. One of the tasks of medicinal chemistry is to produce new molecules that have a desired biological effect. However, even today the search for new pharmaceuticals is a very complicated process that is hard to rationalize. Literature provides many scientific reports on future prospects of design of potentially useful drugs. Many trends have been proposed for the design of new drugs containing different structures (dimers, heterodimers, heteromers, adducts, associates, complexes, biooligomers, dendrimers, dual-, bivalent-, multifunction drugs and codrugs, identical or non-identical twin drugs, mixed or combo drugs, supramolecular particles and various nanoindividuals. Recently much attention has been paid to different strategies of molecular hybridization. In this paper, various molecular combinations were described e.g., drug–drug or drug-non-drug combinations which are expressed in a schematic multi-factor form called a molecular matrix, consisting of four factors: association mode, connection method, and the number of elements and linkers. One of the most popular trends is to create small–small molecule combinations such as different hybrids, codrugs, drug–drug conjugates (DDCs) and small-large molecule combinations such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs) or different prodrugs and macromolecular therapeutics. A review of the structural possibilities of active framework combinations indicates that a wide range of potentially effective novel-type compounds can be formed. What is particularly important is that new therapeutics can be obtained in fast, efficient, and selective methods using current trends in chemical synthesis and the design of drugs such as the “Lego” concept or rational green approach.
Highlights
The search for more selective and effective therapeutic strategies stems from the realization that it is not always convenient to use a standard therapeutic treatment formula
Molecular design can be defined as construction of new molecules with specific chemical or biological activity profiles
Modern methods, which do not yet allow a reliable prediction of the final structure of active drugs, make it possible to select promising candidates among the millions of molecules available in the databases and help optimize them for interaction with the receptor. This allows reductions to be made in the cost and duration of the new drug design process
Summary
The search for more selective and effective therapeutic strategies stems from the realization that it is not always convenient to use a standard therapeutic treatment formula. Molecular consortia are complex chemical and pharmaceutical structural systems which are obtained in a specific manner with the selected active subunits using the appropriate chemical reactions. Selected molecular components may be combined, both naturally and synthetically, in different ways e.g., x-fold times, n-membered, directly or indirectly, bridged or overlapped, in stable or unstable modes. They can comprise active molecules which are already relatively well known, e.g., linear, pseudo-linear or branched, cyclic, dimeric, oligomeric or polymeric, symmetrical, non-symmetrical or other fan-shaped molecular formation e.g., umbrella one [8]. The active structures (entities) or other elements combined in a properly designed complex system, acting as living consortia in the human body, are described
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