Abstract
Of the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum a number of in planta induced genes and their products have been isolated and characterized. They include: (i) putative pathogenicity genes of which two genes, (extracellular proteins) ecp1 and ecp2, have been cloned and sequenced; the function of those genes during pathogenesis is not known yet; effects of ecp gene disruption on pathogenicity are being studied, and: (ii) avirulence genes which encode race-specific elicitors interacting with the products of complementary resistance genes in the host plant, resulting in a hypersensitive response and other defense responses. Avirulence gene avr9 of C. fulvum is the first fungal avirulence gene that has been cloned. The regulation of this gene has been studied in vitro and in planta. In vitro, the gene is induced under low nitrogen conditions, whereas in planta the gene is highly expressed around the vascular tissue. Avirulent races carrying the avr9 gene become virulent on Cf9 genotypes of tomato after disruption of avr9.
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