Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are key antioxidant enzymes that can detoxify the superoxide radicals generated by various stresses. Although various plant SODs have been suggested to improve stress tolerance, SODs in garlic, an economically important vegetable grown worldwide, remain relatively unknown. In this study, we found that heat stress strongly induced the activities of Cu/ZnSODs, FeSODs, and MnSODs in garlic leaves. In addition, we cloned four garlic SODs (AsSODs) and suggest that heat stress-increased SOD activity was reflected at least by the induction of these AsSODs. The results of the agro-infiltration assay suggested that the cloned AsSODs encoded functional SOD enzymes belonging to the Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD families. As a first step toward understanding the enzymatic antioxidant system in garlic plants, our results provide a solid foundation for an in-depth analysis of the physiological functions of the AsSOD family.
Highlights
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are key antioxidant enzymes that can detoxify the superoxide radicals generated by various stresses
reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an unavoidable byproduct of aerobic metabolism, the most common effect of environmental stresses such as drought, salt, and extreme temperature is the generation of ROS, including free radicals
ROS acts as a double-edged sword, and the balance between ROS and the antioxidant systems is highly critical in maintaining cellular health [2]
Summary
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are key antioxidant enzymes that can detoxify the superoxide radicals generated by various stresses. We cloned four garlic SODs (AsSODs) and suggest that heat stress-increased SOD activity was reflected at least by the induction of these AsSODs. The results of the agro-infiltration assay suggested that the cloned AsSODs encoded functional SOD enzymes belonging to the Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD families. On the basis of the type of metal cofactor at the active site of the enzyme, plant SODs are classified as copper/zinc SODs (Cu/ZnSODs), iron SODs (FeSODs), and manganese SODs (MnSODs) [4]. Because of their essential role in antioxidant systems, various SOD genes have been widely studied in many plant species, including. The total activity of SODs and the pattern of SOD isoforms have been used as biochemical markers for screening crop germplasm for abiotic stress tolerance [18,19]
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