Abstract
The use of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) 13C NMR spectroscopy is proposed here as an innovative and non-destructive approach to investigate the chemical composition of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and for monitoring the evolution of their composition during the oxidative iron-based Fenton treatment to which the initial matrix is subjected. The high quality and the good resolution of the 13C HR-MAS NMR spectra allowed an accurate assignment and quantification of the various types of carbon present in the analyzed organic matrix. Moreover, the HR-MAS has also shown its effectiveness in monitoring the different oxidative processes to which the same initially organic matrix has been subjected. The results obtained from the HR-MAS spectra on the collected samples during the different oxidative experiments, indicate that Fenton treatment is able to modify the percentage of the different types of carbons as a function of the concentrations of both Fenton reactants, H2O2 and Fe2+ salt, and of the oxidative process time.
Highlights
Solid waste management has become a relevant problem in modern society since the development of urban areas has led to a growth in waste production and to a reduction in the places where all types of materials can be deposited [1]
A typical 13 C–{1 H} NMR spectrum of the organic waste obtained using the high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-magic angle spinning (MAS)) NMR technique is shown in Figure 2a, where the carbon spectrum of Sample 0 is compared with an OFMSW spectrum found in literature and obtained using the CP-MAS NMR technique [26]
The two spectra show a similar distribution of the peaks, an improvement in resolution is clearly visible in the HR-MAS spectrum in which the signal lines are much narrower
Summary
Solid waste management has become a relevant problem in modern society since the development of urban areas has led to a growth in waste production and to a reduction in the places where all types of materials can be deposited [1]. First of all, recycling combined with avoidance, separate collection, and reuse contribute to waste reduction and to energy saving and to the reduction in the amount of polluting and climate-altering emissions [4,5]. All these actions, and in particular separate collection, are very useful in reducing and recycling waste, but are not sufficient to achieve complete abatement, the need to develop new waste disposal and treatment methods that can convert waste into new products to be used in different fields so that the potential of waste can be fully exploited [6,7]. This waste fraction is generally converted into biogas [10] through anaerobic digestion [11,12,13] or transformed into soil improvers through a biological process of composting for use in agriculture [8,14,15]
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