Abstract
The aims of the current study were to detect the virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, in animal milk and dairy products in Iran. After E. coli dentification with culture method, PCR assay were developed for detection of pathogenic genes, serotypes and antibiotic resistance genes of E. coli. Results showed that out of 719 samples, 102 (14.18%) were confirmed to be positive for E. coli and out of 102 positive samples, 17.64% were O26 and 13.72% were O157 and 1.96% were O91 and 1.96% were O145 serotypes. Totally, the prevalence of stx1 and papA genes were the highest while the prevalence of sfaS and fyuA were the lowest in the positive samples. PCR results showed that tetA, tetB were the highest (64.70%) and aac(3)-IV were the lowest (27.45%) antibiotic resistant genes in E. coli positive samples. Our study indicated that the isolated E. coli trains in these regions had a highest antibiotic resistance to tetracycline (58.82%) and the lowest to nitrofurantoin (3.92%). tetA gene and E. coli O157 serotype had highest and aac(3)-IV gene, and E. coli O145 serotype had a lowest frequency rates of antibiotics resistance genes, in the region.
Highlights
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated, nonsporulating, and facultative anaerobic bacterium which belongs to Enterobacteriaceae Family
It was shown that incidences of E. coli in different traditional dairy products were higher than animal milk species
Despite the highest prevalence of E. coli O157 in recent studies [2, 43], our results showed that E. coli O26 had a highest frequency rate in traditional dairy products
Summary
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated, nonsporulating, and facultative anaerobic bacterium which belongs to Enterobacteriaceae Family. This bacterium classified into several categories based on its virulence factors such as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC or VTEC) [1,2,3,4,5]. Pathogenic E. coli are classified into groups of strains that cause a common disease using common and remarkable assortments of virulence factors that called pathotypes [6]. The Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are the causative agents of severe clinical syndromes in humans like HUS. Trough outbreaks in the European Union [9] and several reports of septicemia in human and animals [10, 11] up to recent studies in England [12], all of them have doubled the importance of addressing the issue
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