Abstract
Background and aims: The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health threat complicating treatment and resulting in prolonged hospitalization. The prevalence of AMR threat is not well defined due to the dearth of appropriate surveillance systems. This study sought to assess the prevalence of AMR among bacterial isolates from sputum specimens obtained from patients with pneumonia presenting at two secondary healthcare facilities in Zaria from June 1 to August 31, 2018. Methods: Standard methodology was followed in processing sputum samples that met the acceptance criteria. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens cultured from sputum specimens obtained from June 1 to August 31, 2018) were evaluated using the recommendation of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Finally, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Acinetobacter spp. were the predominant pathogens accounting for 32% of recovered isolates, followed by Staphylococcus spp. (18%) and Klebsiella spp. (17%), respectively. AMR was found in 91% of the isolates. Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (ERY) (80%) and amoxicillin (83.3%). Eventually, the multiple antibiotic resistance index ≥0.3 was observed in 76% of the isolates. Conclusion: Based on the findings, AMR rates were observed to be high, and may display a serious therapeutic challenge to the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Concerted efforts are needed to combat the worrisome AMR trends revealed in this study.
Highlights
Of respiratory tract infections, pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults, in low and middle-income countries.[1]
In an Australian review of pneumonia in adults aged ≥65 years in 2012, about 78 000 general practitioner visits due to pneumonia were recorded during 2008-2013, and nearly 43 336 pneumonia hospitalizations were along reported in 2011-2012.7 Pneumonia is a global public health threat and most severe cases have been reported to be of bacteria-associated type.[8]
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae have been reported as predominant bacterial pathogens associated with pneumonia.[13]
Summary
Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults, in low and middle-income countries.[1]. This study sought to assess the prevalence of AMR among bacterial isolates from sputum specimens obtained from patients with pneumonia presenting at two secondary healthcare facilities in Zaria from June 1 to August 31, 2018. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens cultured from sputum specimens obtained from June 1 to August 31, 2018) were evaluated using the recommendation of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Acinetobacter spp. were the predominant pathogens accounting for 32% of recovered isolates, followed by Staphylococcus spp.
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