Molecular characterization of macrophyte-derived dissolved organic matters and their implications for lakes

Abstract

Chemical properties of whole organic matter (OM) and its dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from three types of dominant macrophytes in Lake Dianchi were comparatively characterized using elemental analysis, UV, 3D-EEM and 13C NMR spectroscopy and their implications for lakes were discussed. Ratios of C/N and C/P were least in the floating water hyacinth and submerged sago pondweed, while total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and phosphorus (TDP), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) were greatest in those species. In emergent species, C/N, C/P, DON and DON/TDN were less in leaves than in their corresponding shoots. The specific UV absorbance at 254nm (SUVA254) and 280nm (SUVA280) of extracts were in the range of 0.50–1.96L/mgC·m and 0.40–1.48L/mgC·m. Both SUVA values were greater in leaves than those in shoots. 3D-EEM spectra showed only a single fulvic-like fluorescence in leaves of emergent macrophytes. In contrast, protein-like peak were observed in spectra of floating and submerged species, as well as the shoot DOM of emergent species. Solid-state 13C NMR demonstrated that leaves had greater percentage of recalcitrant alkyl C and aromatic C, while shoots were rich in labile carbohydrates. The overall characterization works suggested that macrophyte-derived DOM has less aromatic constituents than do DOM in natural waters and soil leachates. Also OM and DOM derived from shoots had greater contents of protein-like and carbohydrate materials, while leaves were rich in aromatics. Floating and submerged plants possessed potential to not only accumulate excess N and P, but also for returning them to the lake. Shoots of riparian and emergent species were also an important source of nutrients. Thus, macrophyte biomass should be a great concern in nutrient regulation in Lake Dianchi.