Abstract
BackgroundLumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). LSD has recently spread in Asia following outbreaks in the Middle East and Europe. The disease emerged in Bangladesh in July 2019 in the Chattogram district, then rapidly spread throughout the entire country. We investigated six LSD outbreaks in Bangladesh to record the clinical signs and collect samples for diagnostic confirmation. Furthermore, we performed the molecular characterization of Bangladesh isolates, analyzing the full RPO30 and GPCR genes and the partial EEV glycoprotein gene.ResultsClinical observations revealed common LSD clinical signs in the affected cattle. PCR and real-time PCR, showed the presence of the LSDV genome in samples from all six districts. Phylogenetic analysis and detailed inspection of multiple sequence alignments revealed that Bangladesh isolates differ from common LSDV field isolates encountered in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, as well as newly emerged LSDV variants in Russia and China. Instead, they were closely related to LSDV KSGP-0240, LSDV NI2490, and LSDV Kenya.ConclusionsThese results show the importance of continuous monitoring and characterization of circulating strains and the need to continually refine the strategies for differentiating vaccine strains from field viruses.
Highlights
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV)
The diagnosis of LSD was confirmed by real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the viruses in samples collected from outbreaks between July and September 2019 in Bangladesh were molecularly characterized
In conclusion, using a multi-targeted approach,we discovered that the viruses causing outbreaks in Bangladesh were different from common contemporary LSDV field isolates circulating worldwide, including the Chinese isolates and the recombinant LSDVs described between 2017 and 2019 in Russia
Summary
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral disease of cattle caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). We investigated six LSD outbreaks in Bangladesh to record the clinical signs and collect samples for diagnostic confirmation. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle, caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) within the genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae. The genus Capripoxvirus comprises goatpox virus (GTPV) and LSDV has a limited host range and does not infect non-ruminant hosts [1]. Both sexes and all ages of cattle breeds are susceptible to LSDV. There is a significant variation of clinical signs with LSDV infections ranging from subclinical infection to death [4]. There is an initial incubation period of 6 to 9 days during acute cases followed by a fever that may exceed 41 °C [6]
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