Abstract
BackgroundHuman adenovirus (HAdV) can cause a wide spectrum of human diseases worldwide.MethodsUsing PCR and sequence analysis, we investigated HAdV infection prevalence in the Thai population for four years from January 2009 to December 2012. We collected Nasopharyngeal swab/aspirate (NP) specimens from patients in Bangkok, Khon Kaen, and Nakhon Si Thammarat province and fecal specimens only from Bangkok and Khon Kaen province.ResultsWe observed HAdV infection in 1.04% (82/7,921) of NP samples and in 5.84% (76/1,301) of fecal specimens. HAdV-B3 (32%) and HAdV-C1 (31%) were the genotypes most commonly associated with NP specimens followed by HAdV-C2 (13%) and HAdV-C5 (12%). In fecal specimens, we found that 25% harbored HAdV-F41 followed by HAdV-C1 (18%), HAdV-C2 (16%), and HAdV-B3 (13%). Out of all population subsets, children below the age of 3 years were the most likely to be HAdV positive (63.29%). In addition, HAdV infection occurred throughout the year without a seasonal distribution pattern, although HAdV infection of NP samples peaked from January-April while HAdV infection peaked from January to March and then again from May to July in fecal samples.ConclusionsThis study has for the first time reported the HAdV infection rate in Thai NP and fecal specimens from 2009–2012. We observed that HAdV-B3 and HAdV-C1 were commonly found in NP specimens, and that HAdV-F41 was the most prevalence in fecal specimens in Thailand during the study period.
Highlights
Human adenovirus (HAdV) can cause a wide spectrum of human diseases worldwide
General findings Out of 7,921 Nasopharyngeal swab/aspirate (NP) specimens collected between August 2009 and December 2012, 82 (1.04%) samples were HAdV positive by PCR
The 2 types of specimens used comprised 7,921 nasopharyngeal swab/aspirate (NP) samples collected from Bangkok, Khon Kaen, and Nakhon Si Thammarat province and 1,301 fecal specimens sent from Bangkok and Khon Kaen province
Summary
Human adenovirus (HAdV) can cause a wide spectrum of human diseases worldwide. The virus can cause a wide spectrum of human diseases including respiratory tract infection, ocular infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, and gastroenteritis. Approximately 5-7% of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children are ascribed to HAdV [2]. Virus particles range from 70– 90 nm in size and belong to the family Adenoviridae, genus Mastadenovirus. Based on characteristics such as haemagglutination, length of the fiber gene, and GC content of its genome, 68 types of HAdV have been recently classified, which can be divided into seven different subgroups or species (A-G) [2,5,6,7]
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