Abstract
In this study, 10 Gram negative bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of walnut (Juglans regia) orchard in the Kırşehir (Central Anatolia of Turkey) were identified at species level by classical and molecular methods. It was determined that 99% of phylogenetic similarities with bacterial isolates were closely related to the isolated Gram negative bacterial isolates. Ten isolates were morpho-biochemically and molecularly characterized and on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing were identified as 3 Enterobacter cloacae, 3 Enterobacter ludwigii, 2 Escherichia coli, 1 Enterobacter hormaechei and 1 Plesiomonas shigelloides. Gram negative bacteria showed enzymes activities. Except for P. shigelloides and E. coli, other Gram negative bacteria showed lipase, protease, cellulase, amylase, gelatinase and pectinase activities at 4 °C and 28 °C. As a result, the current research suggests that strains isolated from walnut rhizosphere soil can be used as bio-fertilizing and bio-control agents.
Highlights
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a valuable tree nut from the Juglandaceae family, native to a wide geography including the Near East and Turkey
Cluster analysis of 16S rRNA sequences was performed with the ClustalW program using the BioEdit program in the same way, and 1444 bp of the data obtained from this was used in neighbor joining (NJ) analysis with the help of MEGA (Tamura et al, 2011) phylogenetic program
These sequences were compared with the 16S rRNA genes of other bacteria existing in Gen Bank, and similarities were detected in the face (Table 1)
Summary
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a valuable tree nut from the Juglandaceae family, native to a wide geography including the Near East and Turkey. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are saprophytes that live as parasites on plants and animals. The rhizosphere is a complex environment with beneficial and pathogenic bacteria that play an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of organic matter and mineral nutrients (Lagos et al, 2015). The genus Enterobacter contains plant-related bacteria that promote plant growth. E. ludwigii belongs to the E. cloacae complex and has been reported to contain human pathogens and plant-related strains (Yousaf et al, 2011). Gram negative bacteria including E. radicincitans, E. oryzae, and E. ludwigii are determined as plant associated growthpromoting bacteria (de Melo Pereira et al, 2012). E. ludwigii has been reported as a bacterium that promotes plant development and is plant related to biocontrol (Shoebitz et al, 2009). Proteobacteria were detected in the root endosphere (63%) and rhizosphere (54%) of
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