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Abstract
Article history: Received on: 07/07/2015 Revised on: 21/07/2015 Accepted on: 09/08/2015 Available online: 28/10/2015 Emergence of AmpC beta-lactamases in isolates of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species, is a threatening condition as they mediate resistance to a wide variety of β-lactam drugs, including α-methoxy-β-lactams, such as cefoxitin, narrow-, expanded- and broad-spectrum cephalosporins, aztreonam and are poorly inhibited by βlactam inhibitor combinations. The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of blaampC genes in these pathogenic non-fermenters for their rapid and accurate detection. Monoplex PCR was done to detect blaampC genes in 40 non-duplicate clinical Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates, that were found resistant to any of the third-generation cephalosporin and cefoxitin. Multiplex PCR assay was carried out to identify family-specific AmpC beta-lactamase genes within Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. PCR detected blaampC in 43.24% of Pseudomonas and 33.33% of Acinetobacter isolates. Overall 42.50% of the total isolates were found to harbour blaampC genes by PCR. By multiplex PCR, total eight (20%) isolates yielded a positive amplicon with AmpCspecific primers. High prevalence of blaampC genes in cefoxitin-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates emphasizes that molecular detection methods should be carried out to know the exact prevalence of beta-lactamases.
Highlights
Antibiotic resistance is a linked global problem
As it is very crucial to know the exact prevalence of AmpC beta-lactamase harboring isolates of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp., these isolates were subjected to genotypic detection by PCR
Overall 42.50% of the total isolates were found to harbour blaampC genes by monoplex PCR (Figure 1)
Summary
Antibiotic resistance is a linked global problem. It increases the morbidity, mortality and costs of treating infectious diseases. The threat from resistance ( multiple resistance in bacterial strains that have disseminated widely) has never been so great; there are recent concerns about the increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance. The key factors driving this threat are increased antibiotic usage (in both human and animal medicine), greater movement of people and increased industrialization. The major forces behind the development of resistance in bacteria are exposure to antibiotics followed by selection and dissemination of resistant strains. Resistant strains evolve and disseminate by direct and indirect contacts, where large numbers of people are congregated under one roof and where the usage of antibiotics is high.
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