Abstract
Duck plague (DP) is the most feared duck disease in the world. For isolation, identification, molecular detection and characterization of DP virus (DPV), a total of 94 samples were collected from commercial farms (n=6) and households (n=13) from Rajshahi (n=37), Netrokona (n=35) and Mymensingh (n=22) districts of Bangladesh. The samples were processed and inoculated into 11-13 days old embryonated duck eggs for virus propagation. Virus was identified using agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIT) and passive hemagglutination (PHA) test, and was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting DNA polymerase and gC genes, followed by sequencing. Pathogenicity tests were performed using duck embryos, ducklings and ducks. Among the 94 samples, 17 isolates were confirmed as DPV by PCR amplification of partial DNA polymerase (446-bp) and gC genes (78-bp), respectively. One of the isolates (Anatid herpes 1 BAU DMH) was sequenced and found to be closely related with a Chinese variant of DPV (GenBank: JQ647509.1). Thus, we assume that both Bangladeshi and Chinese isolates of DPV may have a common ancestor. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2015.b90
Highlights
Duck comprises about 16% (42.68 million) of the total poultry population (270.71 million), occupying the second position next to chicken for production of table eggs in Bangladesh (Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010)
Duck plague (DP) is the most feared disease (Hanan et al 2014), which is caused by Duck Viral Enteritis Virus (DVEV) belonging to Herpesviridae family, Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, Mardivirus genus as Anatid Herpesvirus 1 denoted after the host family Anatidae (ICTV, 2014)
6.49% (n=5/77) cloacal swabs and 70.58% (n=12/17) visceral organ samples were positive for DP virus (DPV); the results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Table 3); these findings were almost similar with the reports of Hansen et al (2000), Wallace et al (2000) and Campagnolo et al (2001)
Summary
Duck comprises about 16% (42.68 million) of the total poultry population (270.71 million), occupying the second position next to chicken for production of table eggs in Bangladesh (Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010). DPV can be identified by virus neutralization (VN) test (Wu et al, 2011; OIE, 2012), passive hemagglutination (PHA) test (Hossain et al, 2005; Islam et al, 2005; Das et al, 2009), by inoculation into 11-13 days old duck embryo through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route (Akter et al, 2004; OIE, 2012; Hanaa et al, 2013), by propagation in duck embryo fibroblast cell culture (Gao et al, 2014), by inoculation into day-old ducklings or into ducks, and by molecular detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Li et al, 2009). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Bangladesh describing molecular detection and characterization of DPV by PCR targeting DNA polymerase (Hansen et al, 1999; OIE, 2012), and gC genes (Lian et al, 2010). The present study was conducted for isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of DPV from suspected ducks of different districts in Bangladesh
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