Abstract
Duck plague is an enveloped DNA virus that belongs to the Anatid Herpes Virus; the Herpesviridae family is an acute and highly infectious duck, geese, and swan disease that causes tremendous economic losses of duck rearing in Bangladesh and other duck rearing countries. Therefore, we decided to isolate duck plague virus from recent fields’ outbreaks area and performed molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis to find out the similarities between our findings and other isolates around the world. Visceral organs of 13 suspected ducks from recent outbreaks area were collected by post-mortem examination for inoculum preparation. Several passages were performed to harvest into 9-11 old embryonated eggs Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) primary cell culture. DNA polymerase (446bp) and DNA polymerase (UL, 602bp) genes were used for molecular detection by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Pathogenicity was done with duckling and TCID50 on DEF. Molecular characterization was performed from extracted DNA of duckling and 2 Positive PCR products were partially sequenced for phylogenetic analysis of their origin and nucleotide variations. Sequenced data was analyzed to reveal genetic relationships among constructed phylogenetic tree for understanding potential transmission with origin of virus and data was then submitted to gene bank and got accession number for DPV-BR1-MN937272 and DPV-BR-2-MN937273. Among 13 samples, 4(30.77%) were found positive by PCR using DNA polymerase at 446 bp and UL at 602 bp gene. Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was observed hemorrhagic after 72 days and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) become round as showed cytopathic characteristics after 48h of infection .Duckling showed that isolated virus was highly pathogenic as characteristics signs of post-mortem examination. Therefore, this has found that recent isolates have similarity with Bangladesh, India and China isolates. Moreover, TCID50 has confirmed the isolates have accepted titer to be a vaccine strain.
 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(1): 125-133, April 2021
Highlights
Household poultry rearing is an important part of Bangladesh's poor rural communities where duck production occupies the second position next to chicken approximately 54.016 million in Bangladesh and 3rd largest duck population in East and South Asia for the production of table eggs and meat in Bangladesh (Khan et al, 2018, Ahamed et al, 2015b, Hoque et al, 2011)
The Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was found with hemorrhagic lesions throughout the membrane and irregular congestion resulting in thickening
Positive control of uninfected eggs remains alive without no hemorrhagic lesions on CAM and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed positive results
Summary
Household poultry rearing is an important part of Bangladesh's poor rural communities where duck production occupies the second position next to chicken approximately 54.016 million in Bangladesh and 3rd largest duck population in East and South Asia for the production of table eggs and meat in Bangladesh (Khan et al, 2018, Ahamed et al, 2015b, Hoque et al, 2011). The popularity of duck production is increasing in Bangladesh because ducks are relatively resistant as compared to chickens by Considering infectious diseases (Ahamed et al, 2015b, Hossain et al, 2005b, Islam et al, 2005).Duck plague virus (DPV), a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae of the Herpesviridae family, is the causative agent of duck plague, known as duck enteritis virus (DEV), known as Anatidalphaherpesvirus 1 genus Mardivirus (Liu et al, 2017, Li et al, 2009). The morbidity and mortality rates of suspected birds vary between 5% and 100%, depending on the virulence of bird infection and immunological status (Neher et al, 2019) that causes acute hemorrhagic, septic, infectious, and fatal diseases among waterfowls such as ducks, geese, and swans, (Li et al, 2009, Liu et al, 2017, You et al, 2018, El‐Tholoth et al, 2019, Wu et al, 2012a), which caused major economic losses in the commercial waterfowl industry around the world as a result of sudden deaths, condemnations, and reduced production of eggs(Cai et al, 2010, Liu et al, 2017, Lian et al, 2010). The key sites of DPV replication are the lining of these organs' epithelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, from where the virus spreads through Fabricius's liver, thymus, spleen, and bursa, respectively, leading to pathological lesions in several different organs (Dhama et al, 2017, Li et al, 2016 , Lian et al, 2010, Cai et al, 2010, Wu et al, 2012b)
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