Abstract
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) are a common mechanism of bacterial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. The purpose of this study is to characterize the ESBL genes produced by community-acquired uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in the Nouna District, in the West-African country, Burkina Faso. Samples were collected from non-hospitalized patients who came for consultation at the CMA (Centre Médical avec Antenne chirurgicale) in Nouna and were sent to the laboratory for a urine culture test. The detection of ESBL production by the bacteria was carried out with the double-disc synergy test and the extraction of the ESBL genes with the heat shock method. Molecular characterization of ESBL genes was performed with three sequential multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. One hundred and eighty-two (182) bacteriological cultures were analyzed and 29 E. coli isolated, between 01/07/2017 and 01/07/2018. The ESBL phenotype was found in 13/29 (44.8%). Multiplex PCR yielded many beta-lactamase genes, predominantly blaCTX-M-1,3,15 (12/13; 92.3%) followed by beta-lactamase genes blaOXA-1,4,30 (8/13; 61.5%) and beta-lactamase genes blaTEM-1,2 (7/13; 53.8%). This study showed that the blaCTX-M-1,3,15 genes produced by uropathogenic E. coli were predominant. Sequencing of these genes would be needed to better characterize the different types of ESBL circulating in Nouna.
Highlights
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) are a common mechanism of bacterial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae
The largest groups of ESBLs are the TEM and SVH type beta-lactamases, the CTX-M type beta-lactamases and OXA type beta-lactamases, which can be grouped according to the molecular homology or according to the functional properties of the enzymes, the latter of clinical relevance as it takes into account the substrateenzyme specificity [4]
The objective of this work is to describe the local epidemiology and to molecularly characterize the ESBL genes of E. coli obtained from community urinary tract infections at the Nouna District Hospital in order to assess the magnitude of different genes of ESBL circulating at the community level
Summary
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) are a common mechanism of bacterial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. ESBLs are a group of enzymes that cleave the beta-lactam ring of antibiotics belonging to the betalactam groups like: penicillins (e.g. amoxicillin); first, second and third generation broad-spectrum oxyiminocephalosporins (e.g. ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime) and monobactams (aztreonam), rendering them inactive against bacteria with the capacity to produce ESBL [2,3] They are further characterized by the fact that: (i) they can generally be inhibited by clavulanic-acid, tazobactam and sulbactam; (ii) they are unable to hydrolyze cephamycins (e.g. cefoxitin) and carbapenems (e.g. imipenem, meropenem); (iii) and they are encoded by genes that are highly exchangeable between bacteria [2,3]. The largest groups of ESBLs are the TEM and SVH type beta-lactamases, the CTX-M type beta-lactamases and OXA type beta-lactamases, which can be grouped according to the molecular homology (amino acid similarity) or according to the functional properties of the enzymes, the latter of clinical relevance as it takes into account the substrateenzyme specificity [4]
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