Abstract
Aim: The role of alkaline phosphatase in cell metabolism and regulation is essential and cuts across cell proliferation, division, cell death, membrane transport and DNA cleavage. This study addresses the role and importance of alkaline phosphates (ALP) and Placenta Alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in the cells of germinal epithelium of male Rat testes following induced lead (Pb) toxicity and rejuvenation by Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn) treatment. Method: Adult Sprague-Dawley Rats (males) were divided into 4 groups of 15 animals each and were treated as thus; Group 1: Normal saline and serves as the control, Group 2: 100 mg/Kg BW of Pb only, Group 3: 100 mg/Kg BW of Pb and 2.25 mg/Kg each of Se and Zn and group 4 received 2.25 mg.Kg each of Se and Zn only. The duration of treatment was 56 days following which the animals were sacrificed by the 57th day and testes fixed in Bouin’s fluid. Result: Pb induced toxicity could be apoptotic involving ROS activation of NO-dependent apoptotic pathway or necrotic involving a wide range damage by ROS induced lipid peroxidation. Selenium and zinc treatment ameliorated the damage induced by lead toxicity in the germinal epithelium. Conclusion: ALP is involved in intrinsic regulation of DNA cleavage in apoptosis by functioning similar to endonucleases and also regulates membrane transport in perioxidated biomembranes. PLAP expression is minimal as tumorgenesis was not recorded, although Pb treatment showed signs of epithelium of endothelial cancer signalling, which was ameliorated by Se+Zn treatment.
Highlights
An important feature of the phosphatases is that they are capable of removing phosphate groups from biomolecules, a function similar to those of endonucleases and opposite that of kinases
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is involved in intrinsic regulation of DNA cleavage in apoptosis by functioning similar to endonucleases and regulates membrane transport in perioxidated biomembranes
Placenta Alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) expression is minimal as tumorgenesis was not recorded, Pb treatment showed signs of epithelium of endothelial cancer signalling, which was ameliorated by Se+Zn treatment
Summary
An important feature of the phosphatases is that they are capable of removing phosphate groups from biomolecules, a function similar to those of endonucleases and opposite that of kinases. There are four isozymes of humans’ Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP); these include lower ALP (L-ALP), corticosteroids ALP (C-ALP), Bone ALP and placentaALP (P-ALP). They can be detected by isoelectric point focusing on the germ cells. It is well known that testicular germ tumor cells are capable of expressing early embryonic and extra-embryonic proteins. PLAP has been suggested to be appropriate for marking tumorgenic cells, and like the other species of ALP. It can be produced by cells of the seminiferous tubules during induced proliferation and degenerative processes such as those involving DNA damage [9]
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