Molecular characterization of a germplasm bank of Platonia insignis Mart.: a fruit tree

Abstract

Platonia insignis Mart. is a fruit species native from Brazil, known as “bacurizeiro” and commonly used in food culture in the northern region of Brazil. The exploitation of the fruit is important for local commercialization and especially for family farmers that use it as a source of income. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity conserved in a germplasm bank based on inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers. We used 31 accessions collected in different sampling localities in the State of Para, Brazil and genotyped with eleven ISSR primers. The eleven primers amplified 85 loci, of which 67 loci were polymorphic. The dendrogram generated by the UPGMA method and based on the genetic similarities of Jaccard did not show formation of groups according to the sampling localities. Bayesian analysis identified the presence of two genetic groups (K = 2), and the distribution of the genetic groups between the accessions was also not related to the sampling locality. The analysis of the main coordinates (PCoA) showed that the first two components analyzed explained 30.14% of the total variation between the accessions, and accessions did not cluster according to sampling locality. AMOVA indicated a smaller portion of genetic variation between (2%) than within the sampling localities (98%), with ΦPT of 0.023 among sampling localities.