Molecular Characterization and Population Structure of the Important Himalayan Fish Species

Abstract

The biodiversity hotspot, the Himalayas, is home to diverse endemic and valuable cold-water fishes that provide subsistence fisheries to the local inhabitants. In recent decades, the Himalayan fishery has been threatened directly or indirectly by several anthropogenic stressors and climate change. As a result, several economically important fish species have become endangered in the Himalayan rivers and been experiencing a reduction of genetic variability among existing stocks. Genetic diversity is directly linked to a species’ ability to adapt to a changing environment and its evolutionary potential. Understanding genetic diversity is a prerequisite for its efficient utilization and the implementation of appropriate conservation measures. However, limited information is available on the current genetic diversity and population structure of the Himalayan fish species. In the present chapter, we provide insight into several molecular markers developed for the genetic characterization of important Himalayan fish species. Besides, we have also discussed the population structure of a few indigenous and exotic Himalayan species. The information has consequences for researchers attempting to study the genetic diversity and population structure of the Himalayan fish species and fisheries managers, involved in conservation measures and restoration activities.