Abstract
Calnexin (CNX) is an integral membrane protein that functions as a chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum for the correct folding of proteins under stress conditions, rendering organisms tolerant under adverse conditions. Studies have investigated the cytogenetic effects of gamma irradiation (Ɣ-IR) on plants, but information on the molecular response under Ɣ-IR remains limited. Previously, we constructed a cDNA library of an irradiation-sensitive bioindicator plant, Tradescantia BNL4430 (T-4430) under Ɣ-IR, in which the Calnexin-1 gene was highly upregulated at 50 mGy treatment. TrCNX1 encodes a 61.4 kDa protein with conserved signature motifs similar to already reported CNX1s. TrCNX1 expression was evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real-time PCR and was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and highly upregulated in flower petals under 50 mGy Ɣ-IR stress. The protective function of TrCNX1 was investigated by overexpression of TrCNX1 in an Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) heterologous system. Using plate assay, we showed that TrCNX1 increased the viability of E. coli transformants under both UV-B and Ɣ-IR compared with the control, demonstrating that TrCNX1 functions under irradiation stress. TrCNX1 may enhance irradiation stress tolerance in crops and act as a radio marker gene to monitor the effects of radiation.
Highlights
During their life cycle, plants are challenged with adverse environmental factors under natural habitats, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and toxic chemicals
Calnexin-1 (TrCNX1) gene was hypersensitive to LD of È-ionizing radiation (IR) (50 mGy)
The present results indicate that TrCNX1 is important for E. coli cell survival during irradiation stress, including ultraviolet radiation (UV)-B and È-IR
Summary
Plants are challenged with adverse environmental factors under natural habitats, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and toxic chemicals. These stresses usually affect the cellular architecture and function of plants. Gamma radiation can penetrate cells and interact with molecules, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS eventually induce cell death via oxidative damage to the cell membranes [3]. The functional effects of IR on plants, including Arabidopsis, rice, wheat, maize, soybean, and pumpkin have previously been studied [4]
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