Molecular Characterization and Histopathology of Myxobolus koi Infecting the Gills of a Koi, Cyprinus carpio, with an Amended Morphological Description of the Agent

Abstract

A Myxobolus sp., morphologically resembling M. toyamai, M. longisporus, and M. koi, was isolated from the gills of a koi, Cyprinus carpio, that died in an ornamental pond. Large plasmodia were localized within lamellae, causing severe disruption of the normal branchial architecture, sufficient to compromise respiration. Although the case isolate shared several features with the aforementioned species, several key characteristics were most compatible with M. koi. In valvular view, spores were elongate and pyriform with a rounded posterior, 15.4 (14.5-16.5) microm long and 8.3 (7.1-9.0) microm wide. Polar capsules were pyriform and elongate, 10.1 (9.0-10.9) microm long and 3.1 (2.5-3.5) microm wide. Polar filaments were coiled perpendicular to the long axis of the spore making 10 turns (9-11). A BLAST search using a generated 18S SSU rDNA sequence resulted in no direct matches. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence indicates a close relationship to M. longisporus and M. toyamai from C. carpio, within the clade of Myxobolus species infecting gills of cyprinid fishes (89% or greater bootstrap support by maximum parsimony and minimum evolution distance analysis). Although published descriptions are inconsistent, morphometric similarities to this isolate suggest a morphotype of M. koi. The description of M. koi is supplemented here with new data on pathogenicity and spore morphology and is characterized at the molecular level using 18S small subunit rDNA sequence data.