Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important and strategic cereal crop in Egypt and has many bread wheat varieties. Seventeen Egyptian bread wheat varieties used in this study with a set of sixteen wheat microsatellite markers to examine their utility in detecting DNA polymorphism, estimating genetic diversity and identifying genotypes. A total of 190 alleles were detected at 16 loci using 16 microsatellite primer pairs. The number of allele per locus ranged from 8 to 20, with an average of 11.875. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) average values were 0.8669, 0.8530 respectively. The (GA) n microsatellites were the highest polymorphic (20 alleles). The Jaccard's Coefficient for genetic similarity was ranged from 0.524 to 0.109 with average of 0.375. A dendrogram was prepared based on similarity matrix using UPGMA algorithm, divided the cultivars into two major clusters. The results proved the microsatellite markers utility in detecting polymorphism due to the discrimination of cultivars and estimating genetic diversity.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important and strategic grain crop in the majority of the world
Seventeen Egyptian bread wheat varieties used in this study with a set of sixteen wheat microsatellite markers to examine their utility in detecting DNA polymorphism, estimating genetic diversity and identifying genotypes
The results proved the microsatellite markers utility in detecting polymorphism due to the discrimination of cultivars and estimating genetic diversity
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important and strategic grain crop in the majority of the world. Progress in plant breeding requires a broad genetic base with a rich and diverse germplasm collection being the backbone of every successful crop improvement program. We evaluate the potential of microsatellite primer pairs in general and specific SSRs in particular for polymorphism determination, cultivars identification and to evaluate the level of microsatellite based genetic diversity between Egyptian bread wheat cultivars that were potentially useful in wheat breeding programs. All distinct DNA fragments scored as present (1) or absent (0) were used to compute pair-wise similarity coefficients (Jaccard, 1908) for each of the markers for the purpose of assessing genetic diversity leading to cluster analysis. The correlation matrix was employed for the calculation of eigenvalues, which were used for determining the coordinates for each genotype that were used for PCA
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