Abstract
Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) is a DNA virus causing gastrointestinal disease and immunosuppression in various terrestrial carnivores. Domestic dogs and cats are considered the primary CPPV-1 reservoirs. The habitat overlap of wild carnivores and free-roaming dogs increases the threat of CPPV-1 transmission between them. This study explored the CPPV-1 distribution among wild carnivores in Taiwan through PCR screening and compared the partial capsid protein (VP2) gene sequences from wild and domestic carnivores. In total, 181 samples were collected from 32 masked palm civets (Paguma larvata), 63 Chinese ferret badgers (Melogale moschata), and 86 crab-eating mongooses (Herpestes urva), from 2015 to 2019 were screened for CPPV-1. The average prevalence of CPPV-1 was 17.7% (32/181), with the highest prevalence in masked palm civets (37.5%). In addition, a masked palm civet was coinfected with two CPPV-1 strains. Among the 33 partial VP2 gene sequences, 23 were identical to the sequences amplified from domestic dogs and cats in Asia, and the remaining 10 were identified for the first time. This study supported the circulation of CPPV-1 strains with the same genomic features as domestic carnivores that are also in wild carnivores from the same environment in Taiwan by molecular data. Therefore, further population control and health management of free-roaming domestic carnivores are recommended.
Highlights
Rabies virus [4], canine distemper virus (CDV) [5], Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) [6,7], feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) [8], have been reported to be transmitted between wild and domestic carnivores; this transmission can affect the population of endemic carnivores
The overall prevalence of CPPV-1 in the samples from wild carnivores was 17.7% [32/181, 95% confidence interval (CI): 12.2–23.2%], of which 10.2% accounted for LT individuals
Our study reported the circulation of CPPV-1 in the masked palm civet, Chinese ferret badger, and crab-eating mongoose in rural Taiwan
Summary
Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and cats (Felis catus) are the most abundant carnivores worldwide [1,2]. They are abundant in human settlements and are considered invasive species in natural environments outside these settlements. Rabies virus [4], canine distemper virus (CDV) [5], Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1) [6,7], feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) [8], have been reported to be transmitted between wild and domestic carnivores; this transmission can affect the population of endemic carnivores
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