Abstract
Canine influenza viruses (CIVs) could be a source of influenza viruses which infect humans because canine are important companion pets. To assess the potential risk of H3N2 CIVs currently circulating in southern China to public health, biological characteristics of A/canine/Guangdong/DY1/2019 (CADY1/2019) were detected. CADY1/2019 bound to both avian-type and human-type receptors. CADY1/2019 had a similar pH value for HA protein fusion to human viruses, but its antigenicity was obviously different from those of current human H3N2 influenza viruses (IVs) or the vaccine strains recommended in the North hemisphere. CADY1/2019 effectively replicated in the respiratory tract and was transmitted by physical contact among guinea pigs. Compared to human H3N2 IV, CADY1/2019 exhibited higher replication in MDCK, A549, 3D4/21, ST, and PK15 cells. Sequence analysis indicated that CADY1/2019 is an avian-origin virus, and belongs to the novel clade and has acquired many adaptation mutations to infect other mammals, including human. Taken together, currently circulating H3N2 CIVs have a zoonotic potential, and there is a need for strengthening surveillance and monitoring of their pathogenicity.
Highlights
The Influenza A viruses (IAVs) belonging to the genus orthomyxovirus (Alexander and Brown, 2000) can cause endemics or pandemics (Webster et al, 1992)
The eight genes of CADY1/2019 were clustered into the canine and avian lineage and were close with those of Canine influenza viruses (CIVs) circulating in China and the United States in recent years
This indicated that CADY1/2019 was an avian-origin CIV (Figures 1, 2 and Supplementary Figures S1–S6)
Summary
The Influenza A viruses (IAVs) belonging to the genus orthomyxovirus (Alexander and Brown, 2000) can cause endemics or pandemics (Webster et al, 1992). IAVs can infect broad-spectrum animals, including birds, human, swine, seals, whales, horses, dogs, and cats (Webster et al, 1992; Keawcharoen et al, 2004; Peiris et al, 2007; Sun et al, 2011; Yoon et al, 2014). Equine-origin H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) was reported in America in 2004 (Crawford et al, 2005). Avian-origin H3N2 CIV was first isolated in South Korea in 2007. 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pdm/09), avian and swine IAVs were reported infection in canine. CIVs pose a threat to public health
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