Abstract
The possibilities of using liquid-liquid biphase or multiphase reaction systems for organometallic catalysis are discussed. An overview of important industrial two-phase processes, including – among others – the Shell α-olefin process and the Ruhrchemie/Rhone Poulenc process for propene-1 hydroformylation, is given. The special effects of the aqueous environment are discussed through the examples of the catalytic isomerization of allylbenzene and the hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes (pH-effects), the catalyzed deuteriation of itaconic acid from D2O as the deuterium source (micellar effects), the reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid and the spontaneous formation of phosphonium salts (stabilizing effects of hydration and protonation).
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