Abstract
Chemical routes for the synthesis of nanostructures are fundamental in nanoscience. Among the different strategies for the production of nanostructures, this article reviews the fundamentals of the bottom-up approaches, focusing on wet chemistry synthesis. It offers a general view on the synthesis of different inorganic and hybrid organic–inorganic nanostructures such as ceramics, metal, and semiconductor nanoparticles, mesoporous structures, and metal–organic frameworks. This review article is especially written for a wide audience demanding a text focused on the basic concepts and ideas of the synthesis of inorganic and hybrid nanostructures. It is styled for both early researchers who are starting to work on this topic and also non-specialist readers with a basic background on chemistry. Updated references and texts that provide a deeper discussion and describing the different synthesis strategies in detail are given, as well as a section on the current perspectives and possible future evolution.
Highlights
The design of chemical strategies for the nanostructuration of materials is one of the basic pillars for the development of both nanoscience and nanotechnology
Chemical routes for the synthesis of nanostructures are fundamental in nanoscience
It offers a general view on the synthesis of different inorganic and hybrid organic–inorganic nanostructures such as ceramics, metal, and semiconductor nanoparticles, mesoporous structures, and metal–organic frameworks
Summary
The design of chemical strategies for the nanostructuration of materials is one of the basic pillars for the development of both nanoscience and nanotechnology. Bottom-up approaches use and combine sub- or nanoscale objects (atoms or molecules, i.e., building blocks) to build up nanostructures, which usually show new or different functions This approach, which allows a more controlled system design, can be considered as the natural evolution of supramolecular chemistry, which is focused on the intermolecular bonds and covers the structures and functions of the entities formed by association of two or more chemical species [25]. This review is intended to show a general view on the nanostructuration of inorganic and hybrid inorganic–organic materials, with special emphasis on some strategies for the synthesis of nanostructures from their molecular building blocks In other words, it will be described how molecular precursors can be used and assembled to produce nanosystems and to control or tune their morphology, aggregation state, polymorphism, surface, crystallinity degree, and other properties, which eventually determine the applications of the nanostructures. Aonntuhpedbaatseidcs caonlldecftuionndaomf reenfetarelsnocefsthisisgeivxepne,riimncelundtailndgimscoiprleineex.hAaunstuivpedaatnedddceotlaleilcetdioanrotifclreesfeinrewncheischis thgievseynn, tinhcelsuisdionfginmoorrgeanexichaaunsdtihvyebarnidd dneatnaoilsetdruacrttuicrleess iisndwishciuchsstehde isnyndtehteasili,s boefiinngoregsapnei-c caianldlyhaypbprirdopnrainaotestfrourctrueraedseirssdwischuossreedquiniredeatadile, ebpeeinrgdeesspcericpiatilolynaopfprthoipsritaotpeifco. rAremaodnergs twhehmo,rweqeueirsepaecdiaelelpyerredcoesmcrmipetniodnaorfetcheins ttorpevici.ewAmboynHguthnehme,twael. e[s2p9]e,cwialhlyichreccoomvemrseanndda erxepcleanitnrsevthieewsybnytHheusnishoeft aml.a[n2y9],dwiffheircehnctoivneorrsgaanndicexNpPlasinins tdheetasyiln. tAhefsiinsaolfsmecatnioyndoifnfertehnet pienrosrpgeacntiivceNs Pansdinthdeetpaoils.siAblefinevaol lsuetcitoinonwoitnhitnhethpeesryspnethcteisviessoaf nsducthhenapnoosssyibstleemevsoisluatlisoon gwiviethni.n the synthesis of such nanosystems is given
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