Molecular biomarkers reveal co-metabolism effect of organic detritus in eutrophic lacustrine sediments

Abstract

In eutrophic lacustrine ecosystems, drifting algal blooms are easily trapped by emergent macrophytes in downwind littoral zones, potentially altering carbon cycling processes; yet, knowledge remains limited about the mechanisms driving these changes. In this study, Microcystis and Phragmites, two dominant photosynthetic organisms in a hypereutrophic (Lake Taihu, China), were collected to simulate their co-decomposition processes. We demonstrate how molecular-level biomarkers could be used to elucidate the degradation dynamics of these two distinct organic forms in mixtures. Microcystis-derived carbon accelerated the decomposition rate of mixed systems (positive co-metabolism effect), rather than retarding it. The decomposition rate of TOC (total organic carbon) directly measured in the mixed treatments was 14% higher than when the two substrates were incubated alone. The use of specific fatty acid biomarkers facilitated more accurate tracking, demonstrating 1.09 times higher decomposition rates for Phragmites detritus in mixed treatments than in single Phragmites treatments. Furthermore, Microcystis showed 0.98 times higher decomposition rates in mixed treatments than in single treatments. The addition of Microcystis detritus to Phragmites detritus might meet microbial stoichiometric requirements, increasing the abundance of decomposing bacteria in Phragmites detritus, and accelerating decomposition rates, resulting in the co-metabolism of Microcystis and Phragmites carbon. Given the increasing occurrence of algal blooms in eutrophic lakes, the processes documented here might enhance greenhouse gas emissions from lakes with continued global climate warming.