Molecular Basis of Role of Insulin Resistance in Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Background:The older population in the world is more predisposed to development of diseases linked to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress including neurodegenerative disease and insulin resistance. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the progressive neurodegenerative disease. It contributes to major cause of dementia in older population. Ageing is the most predominant factor in the pathology of AD with 65 years or older age group is more prone to disease. The cognitive impairment is mild in the initial stage of Alzheimer disease but the severity of dementia exacerbates with the progression of AD. The insulin resistance is marked by hyperinsulinemia contributing to glucose intolerance manifesting as chronic hyperglycemia. The cascade of molecular events further triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative damage of biomolecules. These events subsequently precipitate inflammatory response by immune cells leading to irreversible injury to cells and neurons. Aim & Objective: The aim of the paper is to find out molecular basis of insulin resistance in pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Present paper reviews various molecular events in insulin resistance that are associated directly or indirectly with the pathophysiology to Alzheimer’s disease. Research Methodology: Research design encompassing critical analysis, qualitative analysis and retrospective research study is followed using secondary data from books, monographs, journals, conference proceedings for the evaluation leading to conclusions beneficial either for future research study or in understanding intricate molecular events between insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease. Result: Based on the research design, study revealed several common stressors involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease. Drug designing targeting stressors could help to ameliorate the severity of Alzheimer disease Originality of Paper: Comprehensive approach was adopted to include papers related to the topic within frame-work of research design to deduce conclusion. Paper Type: Critical analytical review paper