Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1835 at fishing ground Canggu-Bali inferred D-loop mutations of mtDNA

Abstract

Sardinella lemuru resources are abundant, nutritious, high omega-3 and have high economic value in artisanal fisheries. Its production volume landed for over a decade, but the most significant increase was peak southeast monsoon 2019 at Canggu fishing ground. However, prior-conventional kinship assessments genetically need to be confirmed. These research objectives encompass both molecular identification and genetic relationship of Canggu S. lemuru with the others. Similar morphological samples had collected of ten individuals. Chelex 10% was used for genomic DNA extraction, CRK-CRE primer with Hotstart-50 PCR thermal profile had applied for amplification. 1% agarose electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing had examined for both quantity and quality of D-loop amplicon. Identification using the algorithm of BLASTn. Phylogenetic tree analysis uses the neighbor-joining method. The genetic identity of 10 D-loop Canggu samples was high (97.46%-98.47%) as Philippines S. lemuru (MK579633.1-MK579742.1). The phylogenetic significantly shows low barrier inter-waters from low to moderate genetic distance. Inter-waters samples are very close in intraclade, but it still has a different mutation rate in another clade. Means suggested that Canggu S. lemuru is more diverse in nucleotide base substitutions encouraging high variation. These study results provide needed information that southern translocation occurred among waters, its dispersal connection.