Abstract
Voltage-gated proton current (IHv) has been characterized in several cell types, but the majority of the data was collected in phagocytes, especially in human granulocytes. The prevailing view about the role of IHv in phagocytes is that it is an essential supporter of the intense and sustained activity of Nox2 (the core enzyme of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex) during respiratory burst. Recently Hv1, a voltage-gated proton channel, was cloned, and leukocytes from Hv1 knockout mice display impaired respiratory burst. On the other hand, hardly anything is known about Hv1 in human granulocytes. Using qPCR and a self made antibody, we detected a significant amount of Hv1 in human eosinophil and neutrophil granulocytes and in PLB-985 leukemia cells. Using different crosslinking agents and detergents in reducing and non-reducing PAGE, significant expression of Hv1 homodimers, but not that of higher-order multimers, could be detected in granulocytes. Results of subcellular fractionation and confocal imaging indicate that Hv1 is resident in both plasmalemmal and granular membrane compartments of resting neutrophils. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that Hv1 accumulates in phagosome wall during zymosan engulfment together with, but independently of Nox2. During granulocytic differentiation early and parallel upregulation of Hv1 and Nox2 expression was observed in PLB-985 cells. The upregulation of Hv1 or Nox2 expression did not require the normal expression of the other molecule. Using RNA interference, we obtained strong correlation between Hv1 expression and IHv density in PLB-985 cells. It is also demonstrated that a massive reduction in Hv1 expression can limit the Nox2 mediated superoxide production of PLB-985 granulocytes. In summary, beside monomers native Hv1 forms stable proton channel dimer in resting and activated human granulocytes. The expression pattern of Hv1 in granulocytes is optimized to support intense NADPH oxidase activity.
Highlights
IntroductionVoltage-gated (depolarization-activated) proton current (IHv) has been described in a set of mammalian and non-mammalian cells
Voltage-gated proton current (IHv) has been described in a set of mammalian and non-mammalian cells
Expression of Hv1 in human leukocytes We used two approaches to verify the expression of Hv1 in human leukocytes
Summary
Voltage-gated (depolarization-activated) proton current (IHv) has been described in a set of mammalian and non-mammalian cells. Heterologous expression of the two mammalian VSOPs induced the emergence of characteristic voltage-gated proton currents in a variety of cell lines [2,3,4]. Based on these results the name Hydrogen Voltage-gated Channel 1 was coined, and now is widely used to refer to the genes encoding these VSOPs (HVCN1) and to their products (Hv1). A series of publications have demonstrated that mouse and human Hv1, functional in the monomeric form, tend to form dimers in transfected cells [6,7,8]
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