Molecular and epidemiologic analysis of a county-wide outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis traced to a bakery

Po-Liang Lu,Lk Siu,Shang-Jyh Hwang,Chun-Lu Lin,In-Jane Hwang,Ya-Lina Tung

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-4-48

Abstract

BackgroundAn increase in the number of attendees due to acute gastroenteritis and fever was noted at one hospital emergency room in Taiwan over a seven-day period from July to August, 2001. Molecular and epidemiological surveys were performed to trace the possible source of infection.MethodsAn epidemiological investigation was undertaken to determine the cause of the outbreak. Stool and blood samples were collected according to standard protocols per Center for Disease Control, Taiwan. Typing of the Salmonella isolates from stool, blood, and food samples was performed with serotyping, antibiotypes, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) following XbaI restriction enzyme digestion.ResultsComparison of the number of patients with and without acute gastroenteritis (506 and 4467, respectively) during the six weeks before the outbreak week revealed a significant increase in the number of patients during the outbreak week (162 and 942, respectively) (relative risk (RR): 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–1.70, P value < 0.001). During the week of the outbreak, 34 of 162 patients with gastroenteritis were positive for Salmonella, and 28 of these 34 cases reported eating the same kind of bread. In total, 28 of 34 patients who ate this bread were positive for salmonella compared to only 6 of 128 people who did not eat this bread (RR: 17.6, 95%CI 7.9–39.0, P < 0.001). These breads were produced by the same bakery and were distributed to six different traditional Chinese markets., Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) was isolated from the stool samples of 28 of 32 individuals and from a recalled bread sample. All S. Enteritidis isolates were of the same antibiogram. PFGE typing revealed that all except two of the clinical isolates and the bread isolates were of the same DNA macrorestriction pattern.ConclusionsThe egg-covered bread contaminated with S. Enteritidis was confirmed as the vehicle of infection. Alertness in the emergency room, surveillance by the microbiology laboratory, prompt and thorough investigation to trace the source of outbreaks, and institution of appropriate control measures provide effective control of community outbreaks.

Highlights

An increase in the number of attendees due to acute gastroenteritis and fever was noted at one hospital emergency room in Taiwan over a seven-day period from July to August, 2001
The high temperature of the baking process would suggest that baked goods provide a relatively inhospitable environment for colonization with infectious pathogens, there have been numerous reports of food poisoning outbreaks associated with consumption of baked goods [3,4,5,6,7,8], and such outbreaks can be a major public health concern [4]
Patients An increase in the number of patients admitted due to acute gastroenteritis and fever was noticed beginning from the early morning of July 28, 2001 with a return to normal levels one week later

Summary

Introduction

An increase in the number of attendees due to acute gastroenteritis and fever was noted at one hospital emergency room in Taiwan over a seven-day period from July to August, 2001. The high temperature of the baking process would suggest that baked goods provide a relatively inhospitable environment for colonization with infectious pathogens, there have been numerous reports of food poisoning outbreaks associated with consumption of baked goods [3,4,5,6,7,8], and such outbreaks can be a major public health concern [4]. Food-borne disease outbreaks due to Salmonella species are relatively uncommon in Taiwan [9] compared to those in the United States [21] and Japan [22]. Serovar Typhimurium was the leading serovar for Salmonella food-borne disease outbreaks but serovar Enteritidis has emerged as a new serovar in Taiwan [23], consistent with similar findings of a worldwide increase in Salmonella enterica subsp. Enteritidis) infections [12,24,25]

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Conclusion