Molecular Analysis of Trace Elements in Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Context: Several studies have linked micronutrients with various forms of precancer and cancer but with many limitations and inconclusive outcomes. There is a need to work on the limitations of existing studies and develop guidelines for future perspectives. Aims: Our research is an attempt to search, at molecular level, the reasons for alterations in trace metals occurring and their role, if any, in the etiopathogenesis of OSMF and carcinogenesis, with an aim to improve prognosis. Also to evaluate the role of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) along with cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) which may have a role in carcinogenesis. Settings and Design: It was an observational cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: The study comprised 50 patients each in group-A with oral submucous fibrosis, group B (chewing habit without oral submucous fibrosis), and group C (healthy individuals without chewing habit). The serum levels of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni were analyzed from venous blood using atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed by Student's unpaired '' t '- test and one-way analysis of variance Bonferroni post-hoc test using SPSS software. Results: Groups A and B showed a highly significant statistical difference in serum values of Cu, Zn, and Cd ( P Conclusion: The altered values of serum observed may be a reflection of the tissue levels. Copper's role in pathogenesis of OSMF is reestablished with proposed role of Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni in carcinogenesis.