Abstract
BackgroundCompanion animals are also affected by IgE‐mediated allergies, but the eliciting molecules are largely unknown. We aimed at refining an allergen microarray to explore sensitization in horses and compare it to the human IgE reactivity profiles.MethodsCustom‐designed allergen microarray was produced on the basis of the ImmunoCAP ISAC technology containing 131 allergens. Sera from 51 horses derived from Europe or Japan were tested for specific IgE reactivity. The included horse patients were diagnosed for eczema due to insect bite hypersensitivity, chronic coughing, recurrent airway obstruction and urticaria or were clinically asymptomatic.ResultsHorses showed individual IgE‐binding patterns irrespective of their health status, indicating sensitization. In contrast to European and Japanese human sensitization patterns, frequently recognized allergens were Aln g 1 from alder and Cyn d 1 from Bermuda grass, likely due to specific respiratory exposure around paddocks and near the ground. The most prevalent allergen for 72.5% of the tested horses (37/51) was the 2S‐albumin Fag e 2 from buckwheat, which recently gained importance not only in human but also in horse diet.ConclusionIn line with the One Health concept, covering human health, animal health and environmental health, allergen microarrays provide novel information on the allergen sensitization patterns of the companion animals around us, which may form a basis for allergen‐specific preventive and therapeutic concepts.
Highlights
Allergies affect domestic animals, such as dogs, cats and horses.[1]
All detection steps were carried out according to the manufacturer’s instruction, with slight modifications: Thirty lL undiluted horse serum was incubated on ISAC131 for 2 hours, and glass slides were washed with ThermoFisher washing fluid
As the human IgE standard designed for IgE detection in human sera on ISAC112 could not be used, a work-around was developed with the team of ThermoFisher, using an alternative positive signal with horse IgE on a spotted allergen as reference and comparing all values hereto in a semiquantitative manner
Summary
Allergies affect domestic animals, such as dogs, cats and horses.[1]. The same allergen sources as in human allergy may be relevant for animals, such as pollen[2] or food allergens.[3]. Several food allergen sources have been described being potentially relevant for horses, including oats, wheat or corn.[18] A major preventive and therapeutic strategy is to avoid feeding potential allergens. Molecular allergy diagnosis has entered clinical practice in humans,[28] allowing either approaches “from clinics to molecules” or “from molecules to clinics”.29 It is debated whether it might replace skin testing screenings in the future,[30] or not.[31]. This is one reason why today there is still a knowledge gap regarding allergen components relevant in the animals.[35] To this aim, we expanded an allergen chip for IgE serology in animals adding 19 more molecules of potential relevance in veterinary allergy diagnosis (Table S1). In a pilot study, using sera from clinically well-characterized allergic horses with various symptoms and horses without clinical allergy (Table 1), we established IgE testing on ISAC131
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