Molar incisor hypomineralization, prevalence, pattern and distribution in Sudanese children

Hanna E Abdalla,Arthur Musakulu Kemoli,Amal H Abuaffan

doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01383-1

Hanna E Abdalla, Arthur Musakulu Kemoli + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01383-1

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Journal: BMC Oral Health	Publication Date: Jan 6, 2021
Citations: 13	License type: open-access

Affiliation: University of Khartoum, University of Nairobi

Abstract

BackgroundMolar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8–11 years from schools in Khartoum State. Following the collection of their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH-index teeth, the pattern and distribution of the MIH. The data collected was analyzed to obtain descriptive statistics. The results related to the socio-demography and other dental-related factors were tested using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. The majority of the participants had both permanent first molars (PFMs) and permanent incisors affected (12.5%). However, in 7.6% of the cases only molars were affected. Even though more maxillary teeth were affected when compared to the mandibular teeth, there was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (p = 0.22). Maxillary incisors were significantly more affected by MIH when related to the mandibular ones (p = 0.00). Demarcated opacities were the commonest pattern of MIH defects (69.9%) in the experimental group.ConclusionThe prevalence of MIH in Sudanese children was 20.1%. In both dental arches, the permanent molars and incisors were frequently affected, with the demarcated opacity type of MIH being the most common form of defect.

Highlights

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child
The children in the study had both their permanent first molars and permanent incisors frequently affected by MIH defects
Whereas the mandibular permanent first molars (PFM) were more frequently affected by MIH than the maxillary PFMs, the maxillary incisors were significantly more affected than mandibular incisors

Summary

Introduction

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. Hypomineralized enamel has higher porosity and lower mechanical resistance that may result in the tooth not just being susceptible to dental caries, and susceptible to post-eruptive breakdown (PEB) when the affected tooth is under occlusal load [5]. Children with MIH may experience severe tooth sensitivity to temperature changes making it difficult to maintain oral hygiene and further increasing the caries risk [6]. The opacities affect one third of the occlusal surface and usually involve the cusps; this can lead to PEB, dental caries and extraction due to MIH [5]

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Conclusion