Abstract
The aim of the study is to compare the frequency and the distribution of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Seventy-two children with intellectual disabilities and 72 healthy children were included in the study. They ranged in age from 5 to 18 years with the same distribution by age and sex. Standard clinical examination was performed, at a dental clinic or in the institution where the children lived, by using a dental mirror and a probe, according the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry judgment criteria for MIH. Results: Among the 72 children with intellectual disabilities, eight children (11.1%) presented MIH with 19 affected teeth. In the control group, one child (1.4%) presented MIH with two affected teeth. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.033). There were no statistically significant differences between boys and girls. The molars, especially the first right molars were the most affected tooth. Brown defects were less common than white defects. Conclusion: Children with MIH should be identified because this condition is a common problem in children with intellectual disabilities.
Highlights
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as enamel hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars frequently associated with affected incisors [1]
This study found that molar incisor hypomineralization is a significant problem in children with intellectual disabilities affecting 11.1% of children
To the best of our knowledge, MIH has not been investigated in this particular population, one study found the developmental defects of enamel prevalence among children with intellectual disabilities was 40.9% [16]; similar to the study conducted by Martínez et al who reported that 37% of intellectually disabled children had some type of the developmental defects of enamel [22]
Summary
Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as enamel hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars frequently associated with affected incisors [1].In 2003, a working group of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD)established judgement criteria for the diagnosis of MIH in epidemiological studies. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as enamel hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars frequently associated with affected incisors [1]. Each of the permanent first molars and incisors (12 index teeth) should be examined for the presence of demarcated opacities, posteruptive enamel breakdown, atypical restorations (restorations extending to the buccal or palatal smooth surfaces or the incisal third of the crown with opacities adjacent to their margins) and failed eruption of a molar or an incisor. Extracted molars can be considered to have MIH only in cases where there are demarcated opacities or atypical restorations on the other first permanent molars [2,3,4]. At least one permanent first molar should be affected to diagnose MIH [2]. An important feature of MIH is the asymmetrical distribution of defects with a marked variation in severity within an individual [1]
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