Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH): Estimating prevalence and characteristics among children of Pune, Maharashtra

Abstract

Background: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative defect of enamel mineralisation with worldwide presence. In India, most data has been have been published from North and South India and not much data has been published from West and East India. Aim: To estimate the prevalence, defect characteristics and severity of MIH among children of Pune, Maharashtra. Method: This cross-sectional study included 1080 children in the age range of 8-12 years, studying in Zila Parishad Primary Schools from Pune, Maharashtra, India. The dental examination was conducted for the diagnosis of MIH by a single well-trained and calibrated pedodontist in day light conditions using the EAPD 2003 criteria. The teeth were examined in wet condition. The data was collected and recorded in MS excel sheets and subjected to statistical analysis.Statistical Analysis: All the analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0 version (Chicago, Inc., USA). To compare the dichotomous variables Chi-square/Fisher exact test was used. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Prevalence of MIH in Pune population was found to be 8.3% without any gender difference. Mandibular molars were more frequently affected as compared to maxillary molars. The most commonly affected tooth was mandibular right first permanent molar. Mild defects were seen in 79.8% and severe defects in 20.2 % out of all the MIH affected teeth. Conclusions: MIH is an important topic for public health relevance; because of its progressive deterioration, it can cause significant morbidity in the affected teeth. Knowledge about its prevalence, characteristics and treatment needs is highly imperative for an early diagnosis and management. Prevalence of MIH in Maharashtra population was found to be similar to most of the studies evaluating children in India.