Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish influence of different soil moisture content and climatic factors on water consumption of plum seedlings grown in a fruit nursery in the Nonchernozem zone. According to the results of studies conducted on plum seedlings under drip irrigation in the Moscow region for two years, evapotranspiration with different precipitation availability and temperature was determined. Variability of total water consumption depending on meteorological factors and irrigation regime was considered. Studies have confirmed the increase in the value of evapotranspiration with increasing pre-irrigation threshold of humidity with low-volume drip irrigation. The maximum values of water consumption by year of research, as expected, were recorded in the most wetted variant of the experiment, where moisture content of soil root zone did not fall below 80 % of the field moisture capacity. The statistical analysis carried out did not confirm the effect of varietal characteristics on evapotranspiration, which may be associated with the use of related rootstocks and the use of seedlings with the comparable force of growth in laying the experience. Structure of evapotranspiration of plum seedlings was determined according to experimental data of two research years. Precipitation and irrigation were the most part of total water consumption.
Highlights
The main rational of human nutrition is fresh and processed fruits, which are the most important source of minerals, vitamins and antioxidants
The organization of irrigation and the design of the irrigation system largely depends on the total water consumption of the cultivated crops
The highest values of the total water consumption by experiment variants in annual and biennial plum seedlings were obtained in the third decade of July
Summary
The main rational of human nutrition is fresh and processed fruits, which are the most important source of minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. The nonchernozem zone is characterized by an extremely uneven distribution of precipitation during the growing season, which negatively affects the quality of planting material [3] All this indicates the need for a competent selection of irrigation methods and regimes developed and adapted on the basis of the results of scientific research conducted with seedlings of various types of fruit crops in this particular natural and climatic zone. In accordance with the Federal Target Program “Development of Land Reclamation of Agricultural Land of Russia for 2014—2020”, one of the ways to intensify agricultural production is to increase the efficiency of the use of irrigation water, land, energy and other resources [4, 5] The solution of this problem can be facilitated by the expansion of the currently small areas under drip irrigation, in particular in nurseries, since this highly efficient and technologically advanced method is very promising and is widely implemented throughout the world. There are no scientifically based resource-saving technologies for growing seedlings in nurseries of the nonchernozem region of Russia, so the research aim is to identify the features of the growth and development of plum seedlings in non-black soil under different drip irrigation regimes
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