Moisture behavior of external insulated precast concrete wall panels

Pauli Sekki,Juha Vinha,Timo Karvinen

doi:10.1177/1744259120925850

Pauli Sekki, Juha Vinha + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259120925850

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Abstract

Excess moisture in concrete structures is a major problem in building industry. It is claimed that degradation of the finishing materials of concrete slabs is the largest source of volatile organic compound in the building stock in the Nordic countries. Considering concrete wall panels, the choice of the insulation material influences concrete drying considerably and causes a risk for moisture accumulation on the interior surface, if vapor tight finishing materials are used or if finishing materials are installed prematurely. Mineral wool insulation, which has predominately been used in Finland, is a vapor open material. However, vapor tight plastic foam insulation materials are nowadays more commonplace. Here we show that the overall rate of drying of the concrete panel with a vapor open insulation material is higher in comparison to the concrete panel with vapor tight insulation materials. However, relative humidity distribution near the inner surface of the concrete panel at the end of the drying phase is almost identical irrespective of the insulation material and the water vapor resistance of the interior surface material has a greater impact on the relative humidity level on the inner concrete surface. Moisture behavior of concrete panel walls is studied under a certain building schedule in Finnish environment and building conditions by numerical simulation. The model for drying of concrete is calibrated based on laboratory measurements. According to our study, self-desiccation and changing diffusivity due to the hydration process of the concrete cannot be ignored when evaluating the moisture behavior of the concrete wall panel structure with a low water binder ratio ( w/ b < 0.5). Measurements indicate that the early age humidity drop is by up to 10 percentage points.

Highlights

Precast concrete wall panels are widely used in Finnish building industry and mineral wools (MWs) have been the most commonly used insulation materials in wall systems including rockwool (RW) and glasswool (GW)
There are no significant differences between expanded polystyrene (EPS) and PIR in drying
The study shows that a simulation model for heat and moisture transport including concrete hydration is applicable for evaluating moisture behavior of the precast concrete panels for which the water binder ratio is low (\0.5)

Summary

Introduction

Precast concrete wall panels are widely used in Finnish building industry and mineral wools (MWs) have been the most commonly used insulation materials in wall systems including rockwool (RW) and glasswool (GW). Plastic foam (PF) insulation materials such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PU) or polyisocyanurate (PIR) are more frequently used. The increased use of PFs might result from the public opinion that MWs are more sensitive to wetting and damaging during the building process when exposed to the weather. Moisture safety is in the contractors’ interest as mold problems and wet building sites have been under public eyes in Finland in the recent years. Relative humidity distribution in concrete—and especially the drying ability of building moisture of the concrete wall panel structure—is examined

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