Abstract
The limited resources of conventional fuels and their negative impact on the environment require scientists to search for alternative energy sources. One of the promising renewable sources of energy is biomass. The energy stored in biomass can be used in various ways. It can be combusted, gasified, or fermented, which leads to obtaining biogas. The main components of biogas are carbon dioxide and methane. The aim of this study was to convert in plasma and plasma–catalytic systems low methane biogas into a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture, which will allow for a wider range of potential applications. The combustible gas content increased in both systems. The effect of the water vapor content was investigated. It affects the conversion of CH4 and CO2 and significantly reduces soot formation (calculated by the carbon balance). It was possible to increase the content of flammable gases by about 20%. The highest molar fraction, 0.16, of hydrogen was obtained with the reduced cobalt catalyst.
Highlights
The limited resources of conventional fuels and their negative impact on the environment require scientists to search for alternative energy sources
The application of plasma−catalytic methods to enrich in hydrogen low methane gas diluted with carbon dioxide is the subject of research in many scientific centers.[2,8,19,27−29,31−33] The aim of this study was to convert moist and low methane biogas into a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture, which will allow for a wider range of potential applications
The composition of the products depends on the process conditions, such as the initial concentrations of biogas components, the discharge power, and the gas moistness
Summary
The limited resources of conventional fuels and their negative impact on the environment require scientists to search for alternative energy sources. The energy stored in biomass can be used in various ways It can be combusted, gasified, or fermented, which leads to obtaining biogas.[1] Fermentation is widely used to produce biogas from different types of waste: the organic fractions of household waste, industrial waste, brewery waste, sewage sludge, and herbaceous feedstocks. Problems with the use of biogas are a high carbon dioxide concentration, even up to 70 mol %, a low calorific value of 20.8−23.6 MJ/m3, and the sulfur and moisture content. Biogas composition is not constant, so the method of biogas processing must be effective over a wide range of methane and carbon dioxide concentrations. There are two ways to upgrade biogas: the first is by removing as much CO2 as possible For this purpose, cryogenic, membrane, and biological methods can be used
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