Mogućnosti izbora metodologije u proceni rizika na radnom mestu i u radnoj okolini

Abstract

Introduction: According to the Law on Safety and Health at Work (Official Gazette of RS No. 101/05) and the Ordinance on the manner and procedure of risk assessment in the workplace and the working environment (Official Gazette of RS No. 72/06), the adoption of the Act on risk assessment in the workplace and the working environment is obligatory for each employer. There is a large number of methods for risk assessment at work and in the work environment. The aim of the paper is to highlight the possibility of choice of methodology in the field of risk assessment in the workplace and the working environment. Methods: We analyzed the data and literature in the field of occupational medicine, occupational safety, risk assessment methodology and the current legal regulations in the field of risk assessment in the workplace and the working environment. Results and discussions: In the field of safety and health at work, there is an obligation of the decision on risk assessment for each company and each workplace. The methodology in assessing professional risk, i.e. risks at work is different, because different approaches to risk assessment are present in practice. To assess risks in the workplace, methods that may include qualitative, semi quantitative and quantitative are being used. Qualitative methods for the assessment of risk are based on personal experience and judgment of the participants in the risk assessment team and/or use of available qualitative, non-numerical data. Typical qualitative methods for risk assessment are presented in the following matrix of risk assessment: Risk matrix 3x3; Risk matrix 4x5 and Risk matrix 5x5. Semi quantitative or combined methods for risk assessment are widely used in practice, and the evaluation and ranking of these values is based on experience and knowledge of participants in a risk assessment team. There are three types of semi quantitative methods: Matrix method of risk assessment (AUVA; BG); Spreadsheets risk assessment methods (KINNEY, PILZ; GUARDMASTER; FINE; Method of High Technical School of Professional Studies in Novi Sad etc.) and Graphical method of risk assessment. Quantitative methods of risk assessment are based on the basic form for the calculation of risk, where all values are expressed numerically: Risk is the product of probability (P), frequency (F) and size of the damage (H), and calculation formula is: R=PxFxH. Conclusions: The methodology for the assessment of risk is very versatile and offers the possibility of deciding for one method or combination of methods. The choice of the method should be done based on the needs and performance of the employer, type of activity and other factors. Modifications of methods are a common occurrence, which enables their development and improvement. Risk assessment in relation to the dangers and harms need to be performed by the method of assessment, that is clear, understandable and easy to use. In fact, regardless of the method applied during the risk assessment, the same result must be obtained.