Abstract
Today’s world requires high-performance energy storage devices such as hybrid supercapacitors (HSc), which play an important role in the modern electronic market because supercapacitors (Sc) show better electrical properties for electronics devices. In the last few years, the scientific community has focused on the coupling of Sc and battery-type materials to improve energy and power density. Recently, various hybrid electrode materials have been reported in the literature; out of these, coordination polymers such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly porous, stable, and widely explored for various applications. The poor conductivity of classical MOFs restricts their applications. The composite of MOFs with highly porous graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanomaterials is a promising strategy in the field of electrochemical applications. In this review, we have discussed the strategy, device structure, and function of the MOFs/G, MOFs/GO, and MOFs/rGO nanocomposites on Sc. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical performance of coordination polymers composites towards Sc application has been discussed. The reported results indicate the considerable improvement in the structural, surface morphological, and electrochemical performance of the Sc due to their positive synergistic effect. Finally, we focused on the recent development in preparation methods optimization, and the opportunities for MOFs/G based nanomaterials as electrode materials for energy storage applications have been discussed in detail.
Highlights
Restrictions in renewable energy resources and the rising air pollution have catalyzed the request for green and clean sustainable energy
We have focused on reviewing the current development of different chemical synthesis methodologies for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal-based MOFs, MOF/G, MOF/graphene oxide (GO), Polymers 2022, 14, 511 and MOF/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites nanomaterials for electrochemical Sc applications
MOFs based Sc can be distinguished as: (a) pure MOFs materials used for charge storage on their internal surfaces through a non-faradaic mechanism or the redox reaction of the metal center is utilized to store energy; (b) MOFs are pyrolyzed to obtain porous carbon nanomaterial and their capacitance can be booted with the aid of conventional electrochemical double-layer capacitance (EDLC) materials, and (c) MOFs are converted into metal/metal-oxides, which store energy in the form of the faradic mechanism, which is responsible for the faster charge/ions transfer using the electrochemical reaction [17,18]
Summary
Restrictions in renewable energy resources and the rising air pollution have catalyzed the request for green and clean sustainable energy. Sc have been widely used in several portable electronic applications in the worldwide market e.g., e-bike, metal forming, racing starter, camera flash, electric vehicle charging sub-stations, thermonuclear, conventional bus truckers, in the military vehicle ICE starting, hybrid vehicles regeneration, wind turbine output load cranes, UPS, forklifts, emergency doors on an Airbus A380, and back-up power [7] To fill this gap of the two energy storage devices such as capacitors and batteries, researchers designed new and advanced electrode active materials to improve the diffusion kinetics and provided a higher active surface area [8]. MOFs based Sc can be distinguished as: (a) pure MOFs materials used for charge storage on their internal surfaces through a non-faradaic mechanism or the redox reaction of the metal center is utilized to store energy; (b) MOFs are pyrolyzed to obtain porous carbon nanomaterial and their capacitance can be booted with the aid of conventional EDLCs materials, and (c) MOFs are converted into metal/metal-oxides, which store energy in the form of the faradic mechanism, which is responsible for the faster charge/ions transfer using the electrochemical reaction [17,18]
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