Abstract
Key advantages of Poly(methyl methacrylate)—PMMA for denture application are related to aesthetics and biocompatibility, while its main deficiency is related to mechanical properties. To address this issue, SiO2 nanoparticle reinforcement was proposed, containing 0 to 5% nanosilica, to form nanocomposite materials. Flexural strengths and elastic moduli were determined and correlated to nominal nanoparticle content and zeta potential of the liquid phase nanoparticle solutions. Another issue is the biocompatibility, which was determined in terms of cytotoxicity, using L929 and MRC5 cell lines. The addition of nanoparticle was proved to be beneficial for increasing flexural strength and modulus, causing a significant increase in both strength and moduli. On the other hand, the formation of agglomerates was noted, particularly at higher nanoparticle loadings, affecting mechanical properties. The addition of nanosilica had an adverse effect on the cytotoxicity, increasing it above the level present in unmodified specimens. Cytotoxic potential was on the acceptable level for specimens with up to 2% nanosilica. Consequently, nanosilica proved to be an effective and biocompatible means of increasing the resistance of dental materials.
Highlights
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the most frequently used material for dentures today.Advantages of PMMA over previously used materials [1] include its aesthetics and biocompatibility.PMMA mechanical properties, the strength and ductility are not optimal, leaving wide opportunities for further improvements
PMMA denture reline resins were modified with nanosilica treated with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) providing hydrophobic properties
These results suggest that the agglomeration occurs immediately after mixing of the nanoparticles and the liquid phase in spite of the presence of HMDS modification layer on the nanoparticles, magnetic stirring and ultrasonic bath treatment
Summary
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the most frequently used material for dentures today. Another issue is the gum irritation and possibly even an allergic reaction to the pockets of monomer present in the PMMA [10] Another opportunity for hot-cured PMMA, containing initially a lower amount of unconverted monomer mechanical properties can be increased by fibers or nanoparticle addition, effectively turning. Combining different types of nanoparticles may be beneficial for reducing the tendency to form agglomerates and be more effective in increasing mechanical properties. Trends in flexural strengths and moduli values were found and correlated to the true particle size in the liquid phase As such, this experimental setup was envisaged to give a comprehensive answer to the nanosilica effect on PMMA in both cytotoxic and mechanical response
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