Abstract
Novel spectral line shapes of optical-microwave double resonance with an extremely narrow line width were observed in a rubidium atomic clock pumped by a semiconductor laser. It was confirmed that these novel spectral line shapes of double resonance were due to the modulation-transfer effect. These spectral line shapes were calculated by solving the equation of motion of the density matrix that describes the modulation-transfer process. The calculated results agree with the experimental results. By using the calculated results of the influence of the optical Stark effect on these spectral line shapes, characteristics of the inhomogeneous light shift were evaluated quantitatively for the frequency-modulated microwave. Furthermore, optimum values of modulation parameters were found by computer simulation in order to obtain the highest microwave frequency stability of the atomic clocks. An experiment was carried out employing these optimum parameters, and a short-term frequency stability as high as σy(τ) = 7.9 × 10−13τ−1/2 was obtained, where τ is an integration time of measurement.
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