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Abstract
The voltage-gated calcium influxes modulated with terahertz Gaussian pulse is presented in this paper, and temperature rise is evaluated to monitor the terahertz thermal effects involved in the modulation. From the numerical results, inhibition effect on voltage-gated calcium influx because of the loss of the influx from electric drift is transparently revealed in the modulation with terahertz Gaussian pulse. And the inhibition effect becomes significant reflected by considerable reduction in voltage-gated calcium influx as the irradiated amplitude is raised intense enough. Compared to the terahertz sinusoidal wave, Gaussian pulse reduces the inhibition effect dramatically. The decrease in the increment of intracellular calcium concentration with the irradiated amplitude due to the inhibition effect is substantially relieved by the modulation of the calcium influx with terahertz Gaussian pulse. The thermal analyses reveal that the modulation is non-thermal effect. Meanwhile, to raise the intracellular calcium concentration to a same amount by means of the voltage-gated calcium influx, application of terahertz Gaussian pulse induces much less concurrent temperature rise than application of terahertz sinusoidal wave of the same amplitude that is intense enough to cause the inhibition effect. Additionally, terahertz Gaussian pulse irradiation remains the dependence of the increment of the calcium concentration on the irradiated time duration and frequency in terahertz sinusoidal wave irradiation. These numerical results lay the theoretical basis for the modulation of voltage-gated calcium fluxes with terahertz Gaussian pulse and for further potential clinical applications of terahertz Gaussian pulse.
Highlights
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic irradiation shows great potential applications in life science and biomedicine [1], [2]
In response to THz Gaussian pulse irradiation, the variation of membrane potential, transmembrane calcium fluxes through Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and intracellular calcium concentration at each time point ti are obtained by applying the model of calcium transmembrane transport through physiological channels and the simulation methods given in [11], [18]
This paper proposes and simulates the application of THz Gaussian pulse irradiation for the advanced regulation of the intracellular calcium concentration by means of modulation of voltage-gated calcium influx compared with THz sinusoidal wave irradiation
Summary
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic irradiation shows great potential applications in life science and biomedicine [1], [2]. C. THz GAUSSIAN PULSE LOWERS DOWN THE POTENTIAL THERMAL EFFECT COMPARED WITH THz SINUSOIDAL WAVE Fig. 8 shows the real-time intracellular calcium concentration because of VG calcium influx in response to 15-kV/cm THz Gaussian pulse of different pulse widths.
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