Abstract
Telomerase is expressed in ~90% of human cancer cell lines and tumor specimens, whereas its enzymatic activity is not detectable in most human somatic cells, suggesting that telomerase represents a highly attractive target for selective cancer treatment. Accordingly, various classes of telomerase inhibitors have been screened and developed in recent years. We and other researchers have successfully found that some dietary compounds can modulate telomerase activity in cancer cells. Telomerase inhibitors derived from food are subdivided into two groups: one group directly blocks the enzymatic activity of telomerase (e.g., catechin and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), and the other downregulates the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of human telomerase, via signal transduction pathways (e.g., retinoic acid and tocotrienol). In contrast, a few dietary components, including genistein and glycated lipid, induce cellular telomerase activity in several types of cancer cells, suggesting that they may be involved in tumor progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the effects of dietary factors on telomerase regulation in cancer cells and discusses their molecular mechanisms of action.
Highlights
Telomeres cap the ends of linear chromosomes and maintain chromosomal stability by preventing end-to-end fusion and degradation [1]
These results suggest that effects of TSAtranscription on human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transcription addition histonetoacetylation, hTERT expression is governed by histone
This review summarizes the current knowledge about the effects of food factors on telomerase activity in cancer cells and discusses their molecular mechanisms of action
Summary
Telomeres cap the ends of linear chromosomes and maintain chromosomal stability by preventing end-to-end fusion and degradation [1]. Telomerase is expressed in ~90% of cancer cells and tumor tissues [4], indicating that the addition of telomeric DNA by telomerase contributes to the infinite proliferation of cancer cells. Theoverhang acts as the catalyticproteins subunit such as dyskerin, NOP10, NHP2, and GAR1 have been reported to contribute to proper telomerase that adds telomeric DNA to the 3 overhang [10,11]. GAR1 have been reported to contribute toare proper telomerase function in all human cells, is expressed only in telomerase-positive cells and tissues. HTR and telomerase-associated proteins are ubiquitously expressed in all human level mRNA highly with cellular cells telomerase activity suggesting that cells, of is expressed onlycorrelates in telomerase-positive and tissues. Treatment with antisense c-myc related to the expression of hTERT mRNA [18].
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