Abstract
A steady increase in sleep problems has been observed along with the development of society. Overnight exposure to a static magnetic field has been found to improve sleep quality; however, such studies were mainly based on subjective evaluation. Thus, the presented data cannot be used to infer sleep architecture in detail. In this study, the subjects slept on a magneto-static mattress for four nights, and self-reported scales and electroencephalogram (EEG) were used to determine the effect of static magnetic field exposure (SMFE) on sleep. Machine learning operators, i.e., decision tree and supporting vector machine, were trained and optimized with the open access sleep EEG dataset to automatically discriminate the individual sleep stages, determined experimentally. SMEF was found to decrease light sleep duration (N2%) by 3.51%, and sleep onset latency (SOL) by 15.83%, while it increased deep sleep duration (N3%) by 8.43%, compared with the sham SMFE group. Further, the overall sleep efficiency (SE) was also enhanced by SMFE. It is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, where the change in sleep architecture was explored by SMFE. Our findings will be useful in developing a non-invasive sleep-facilitating instrument.
Highlights
Sleep disturbance has been the main issue for an increasing number of individuals with the progression of society
The results showed that N2% and sleep onset latency (SOL) of the real SMFE group (r_SMFE) were decreased
The subjective and objective analysis suggest that static magnetic field exposure (SMFE) given by a magnetostatic mattress may improve sleep quality and the effects were manifested in the changes in sleep architecture
Summary
Sleep disturbance has been the main issue for an increasing number of individuals with the progression of society. Of adults and 48% of older adults in particular experience chronic insomnia [2]. Chronic insomnia is difficult to cure using the currently available pharmacotherapy [3]. Physical therapies have been used to treat chronic insomnia [4,5]. Magnetic, and electromagnetic fields have been applied to modulate sleep in a series of clinical and experimental studies [6,7,8]. Most of these treatment approaches were non-invasive and less stimulant. The application of such therapies is promising, the effects were not always consistent, nor a clear mechanism of action has been elaborated
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