Abstract
The leapfrogging pulses in two unbalanced electrical nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) with capacitive couplings are investigated for efficient modulation of a pulse train. Due to the resonant interactions, the nonlinear solitary waves in the NLTLs exhibit complementary behaviors of amplitudes and phases called leapfrogging. For maximizing resonance, both solitary waves should have a common average velocity. Sharing the common velocity, the characteristic impedance can still be freely designed for two coupled solitary waves. In this study, we characterize the leapfrogging pulses developed in unbalanced NLTLs having distinct characteristic impedance. Through the soliton perturbation theory and numerical time-domain calculations, it is found that both the leapfrogging frequency and the voltage variations of pulse amplitudes increase as the difference in the characteristic impedance becomes large. These properties can improve the on/off ratio of modulated pulse train.
Highlights
In coupled nonlinear systems, the resonant energy exchange can occur between supported nonlinear solitary waves
We investigated two identical transmission lines with regularly spaced Schottky varactors coupled via capacitors, called coupled nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs), and successfully observed leapfrogging phenomena for the nonlinear solitary waves developed in them [7]
In order to examine the potential for improving the extinction ratio of leapfrogging amplitudes, we consider the unbalanced NLTLs, where two leapfrogging pulses have the coincident velocity but distinct characteristic impedance
Summary
The resonant energy exchange can occur between supported nonlinear solitary waves. The temporal delay between two inputted pulses is converted to the pulse amplitude at the output [7] Another potential of electrical leapfrogging pulses results from their management by the biasing voltage to the varactors. Amplitude on one of the lines can be managed by the biasing voltage at outputs that are separated from the inputs by a fixed length. The on/off ratio of Vout is uniquely determined by the leapfroggingpulse dynamics and can become larger than |Vb1 − Vb2| This means that only small swing of Vmod can give sufficient modulation. In order to examine the potential for improving the extinction ratio of leapfrogging amplitudes, we consider the unbalanced NLTLs, where two leapfrogging pulses have the coincident velocity but distinct characteristic impedance. We validate the obtained results using time-domain calculations and demonstrate the performance of the coupled NLTLs as the pulse train modulator
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