Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. In fish, the intestine represents an important site of nutrient uptake, host–pathogen interactions, and defense. The posterior intestine can be inflamed, reddened, and filled with an opaque, yellowish fluid during Y. ruckeri infection. Herein, we report an investigation on the proteome alteration in the posterior intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to Y. ruckeri. The intestinal mucosal proteins were identified and quantified by a shotgun proteomic approach by applying data-independent quantification with sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH). A total of 437 proteins were found to be differentially up- or downregulated in the posterior intestine. Gene ontology of upregulated proteins pointed to their involvement into exopeptidase, endopeptidase, and hydrolase activities, while the downregulated proteins were involved in lipid metabolism, actin binding, and translation processes. Additionally, upregulated proteins were predicted to be involved in lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways, while downregulated proteins were implicated in focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, protein digestion and absorption pathways. This study showed that Y. ruckeri infection can alter protein abundance involved in serine-type carboxypeptidase, cysteine and aspartic-type endopeptidases, metallopeptidases, antioxidant defense, calcium ion binding, glycolytic and carbohydrate metabolic processes in the proteome of the intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout.
Highlights
Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is one of the major diseases of mainly salmonid fish
Protein quantification A total of 3006 proteins in the posterior intestine of rainbow trout were identified at 1% False discovery rate (FDR) and minimum of two matching peptides (Additional file 3) over all 27 samples including controls as well as the exposed groups
In the case of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the response of intestinal mucosa against Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated at the proteome level [40], which improved the understanding of defense mechanisms of carp intestinal mucosa and associated molecular mechanisms
Summary
Enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is one of the major diseases of mainly salmonid fish. It was first described in the 1950s in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Hagerman Valley of Idaho, USA. The disease is caused by Yersinia ruckeri, a Gram-negative rod shaped enterobacterium, and prevalent in Europe, North and South America, Australia, South Africa, the Middle East, and China [1, 2]. The signs of the disease include exophthalmia, subcutaneous hemorrhages, and splenomegaly [1]. The intestine is inflamed, reddened, and filled with an opaque, yellowish fluid [1, 3]. Up to 25% of infected fish could carry Y. ruckeri
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