Abstract
The existence of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by elevation in markers of oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation (8-hydroxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxynonenal) and reduction in antioxidant status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione) is scientifically documented. We hypothesize that a good treatment regimen for BPH should return the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status to normal; hence, pro-oxidant/antioxidant status is an indirect indicator of treatment response. In this study, the effect of crude methanol extract (CME) of Zapoteca portoricensis root and its methanol (MF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions on the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status of experimentally-induced BPH was investigated. Forty-five Wistar albino rats (7 weeks, 180-200 g) used in this study were divided into nine groups (n = 5). Group 1 served as normal control. BPH was induced in groups 2-9 by daily subcutaneous administration of dihydrotestosterone (400 μg/ml) and estradiol (80 μg/ml) for 28 days. Group 2 served as BPH-control (was left untreated) while group 3 received dutesteride (Avodart®). Groups 4 and 5, 6 and 7, and 8 and 9 received, by gavage 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of CME, 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of MF, and 200 and 400 mg/kg/d b.w. of EAF, respectively for 14 days. There were increased prostatic specific (PSA) and malondialdehyde but reduced antioxidant status in BPH-control relative to normal control. At 400 mg/kg/d b.w, CME, MF and EAF decreased prostatic specific antigen by 55.91%, 57.54% and 56.75%, respectively comparable to 58.80% by dutesteride. In addition, the results of histological assessment of prostate tissues of the experimental rats fed extracts demonstrate an improved prostate status. The extracts returned the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status modified by BPH to normal. These findings may justify the plant’s folkloric use and suggest that extracts can be exploited further as potential source of entities for managing BPH.
Highlights
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) called benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP) or prostate Adenoma, is a common event in aging and constitutes a lot of health burden and prevalent among agingThe 1st International Electronic Conference on Antioxidants in Health and Disease, 1–15 December 2020males It is a multi factorial disease characterized by a non-malignant, uncontrolled proliferation of the smooth muscles, stromal and epithelial cells within the transition zone of the prostate gland
Prevalence statistics is well documented in the developed world but not so in Africa, especially Nigeria A variety of factors age, genetics, lifestyle, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance have been linked to the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) The prostate, an exocrine gland found in the male reproductive system, produces, secretes and controls the flow of seminal fluid expelled at the time of sexual climax together with the spermatozoa The testosterone metabolite- Dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) and oestrogen are believed to play a role in the etiology of BPH
Antioxidants therapy and plant-derived dietary polyphenolic compounds, such as flavonoids with cancer cells and chemo preventive potential seems to be a promising therapy Phyto-therapeutic preparations most commonly used in BPH include 5-beta- sterol from Hypoxis roperi (African star grass), Pygeum from Prunies africanum, the roots of Urtica dioica and Serenoa repens from Saw palmetto [12,13,14]
Summary
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) called benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP) or prostate Adenoma, is a common event in aging and constitutes a lot of health burden and prevalent among agingThe 1st International Electronic Conference on Antioxidants in Health and Disease, 1–15 December 2020males It is a multi factorial disease characterized by a non-malignant, uncontrolled proliferation of the smooth muscles, stromal and epithelial cells within the transition zone of the prostate gland. The development of BPH, an age dependent disease, has been associated with increased lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammatory process and decreased levels of antioxidants. Studies have shown an increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a product of lipid peroxidation and an indicator oxidative stress, a decrease in serum levels of antioxidants such as glutathione (GH) glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and glutathione reductase(GR), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and non-enzymatic antioxidants- vitamins C and E, in the plasma and erythrocytes The use of surgical procedures, alpha-blockers/adrenoceptor antagonists (Terazosin and Doxazosin), 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride) and some forms of combination therapies in the management of BPH achieve reduction in mass of the prostate gland or relaxation of the muscle tone The associated side effects cost and risks of surgery have led to increased search for alternatives in managing this disease. These findings may justify the plant’s folkloric use and suggest that extracts can be exploited further as potential source of entities for managing BPH
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